城镇污水处理厂提高总氮去除效率的升级技术

通过几个已建、新建城镇污水处理厂升级改造的工程案例,重点介绍了曝气生物滤池、硅藻精土技术、污泥曝气再生强化和转盘过滤器等生物强化和深度处理技术在污水处理厂升级改造中的应用机理、工艺流程和去除效果。     

PM10中重金属的健康风险评估及修正方法比较

通过对华南某电子垃圾拆解区PM₁₀中重金属含量特征分析,计算该地区的人群暴露量,评估人群健康风险,并引入靶器官毒性剂量法（TTD）和证据权重法（WOE）对常规评估方法的非致癌健康风险进行修正,比较探讨3种方法对非致癌健康风险评估结果的影响.结果表明：研究区域夏,冬季节的非致癌和致癌健康风险均为：儿童>成年女性>成年男性,重金属Ni对人群可能存在致癌风险（ILCR在10^-6~10^-4之间）.其中,Cr,Pb,Cd和As 4种重金属（类金属）对成年男性的非致癌健康风险值为3.05×10^-2,经TTD法和WOE法修正后为5.41×10^-2和5.4×10^-1,表明当综合考虑重金属作用的靶器官及重金属间的相互作用时,PM₁₀中重金属的非致癌健康风险值高于常规方法.     

CO2 emissions in calcium carbide industry: An analysis of China's mitigation potential

China's calcium carbide output has dominated the global market for several years, driven by the demand for PVC (polyvinyl chloride), a fundamental polymer material and also the primary downstream product of calcium carbide in China. The fast growth of this energy-intensive industry leads to an inevitable increase in CO₂ emissions. However, there is a large reduction potential with process improvement in this industry which is currently characterized by widespread outdated facilities. In this study, we attempt to assess the reduction potential of CO₂ emissions in China's calcium carbide production, based on the analysis of CO₂ emission patterns and estimation of the emission amount. Three scenarios regarding process improvement are employed to conduct this assessment. The results imply that the cumulative CO₂ abatement in the Current Policy Scenario and in the Strengthened Policy Scenario from 2008 to 2020, compared with the Baseline Scenario, are 89.0 and 107.6 million t, respectively. The specific measures and policy implications to achieve this potential are also discussed in the article.     

滇东北山区坡耕地生态环境治理的初步探讨

坡耕地严重的水土流失对山区农业的可持续发展构成了极大的威胁,滇东北山区因其人口众多,大面积的坡耕地水土流失十分严重,而长期处于贫困。本文针对滇东北山区基本现状而进行的坡耕地生态环境治理的初步探讨。     

土地利用规划战略环境影响评价浅探

本文在介绍国内外规划环境影响评价发展概况的基础上，提出了土地利用规划环境影响评价的重要意义。初步探讨了土地利用规划战略环境影响评价的范畴、体系、指标体系与评价方法，并建议应深入开展土地利用规划战略环境影响评价理论研究，健全相关制度，尽快出台相关技术规程。     

沙河水库水质规划研究

沙河水库是两院居民主要的饮用水水源地,位于海南省.在管理不当的情况下,各种污染源排放的污染物会通过各种方式进入沙河水库中,最终对两院居民饮用水造成安全隐患.为此,制定和实施"沙河水库水体生态环境保护规划研究"是非常必要的.列出了沙河水库水质改善规划原则、规划范围与规划期、规划目标及规划具体实施措施.     

异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法测定海水中氰化物的改进

本文对海水中氰化物的测定方法进行了补充和改进,提高了海水氰化物测定方法的精 密度和准确度。     

浅议新疆环境污染治理的经济机制

阐述了环境污染产生的经济原团,说明了“外部不经济性”是产生环境问题的重要经济根源,指出新疆现行的环境污染治理中所采用经济手段的不足,提出了进一步完善环境保护经济机制的措施建议。     

THE APPLICATION OF RIDGE REGRESSION ANALYSIS TO A HYDROLOGIC TARGET-CONTROL MODEL1

ABSTRACT: Ridge regression analysis is used to investigate the stability of regression estimates over twenty-three years of data in a target-control model. Two target stations in the Wind River Range in Wyoming are studied using two sets of control variables. The predictive ability of ridge regression analysis is compared to that of ordinary regression analysis. The results of this study indicate improved stability of the estimates of ridge regression over ordinary regression. The predictive ability of the ridge regression estimates is as good or better than regression estimates.     

Problem driver remediation: a meta-analysis of the driver improvement literature

PROBLEM: Given the public safety risk posed by violation and crash repeaters and the substantial costs for state driver improvement programs, it is important that their effectiveness be scientifically demonstrated and that intervention programs are based on sound research findings. METHOD: Crash and traffic violation standardized effect sizes (d) representing 106 individual interventions were coded from 35 methodologically sound studies and analyzed using meta-analysis. RESULTS: Driver improvement intervention in general was associated with small but significant reductions in both crashes (dw = 0.03) and violations (dw = 0.06). Significant effects were found on both measures for warning letters, group meetings, individual hearings, and license suspense/revocation. Of the driver improvement interventions studied, license suspension/revocation was by far the most effective treatment for both crashes and violations (dw = 0.11 and 0.19). Since one of the objectives of license suspension/revocation is to eliminate driving for the period of suspension, it is possible that much or all of the effect is due to reduced exposure and/or more careful driving during the suspension interval. Results were mixed for other types of interventions, although distributing educational or informational material was not associated with any reductions. Interventions associated with violation reduction tended to also be associated with crash reduction, although the relationship was not very strong (r = .30). DISCUSSION: Although interpretation of the effect size estimates was complicated by almost ubiquitous heterogeneity, the results do suggest an overall positive impact of driver improvement interventions in general. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The results support the continued use of driver improvement interventions, chiefly warning letters, group meetings, individual hearings, and especially license suspension/revocation. The results also suggest that court-triggered traffic violator programs are less effective than interventions triggered by drivers license agencies.