高级氧化联合生物活性炭工艺深度净化污水中PPCPs研究进展

污水处理厂传统的二级生化处理对药品及个人护理用品(Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products, PPCPs)等新兴污染物的去除率较低, PPCPs随出水排放会给生态环境带来较大的风险,并会经过生物富集最终危害到人体健康,因此需要通过进一步的深度净化以削减其风险.本文综述了常见PPCPs在污水处理系统的分布特征及生态风险,阐述了高级氧化工艺(Advanced oxidation processes, AOPs)、生物活性炭工艺(Biological activated carbon, BAC)以及高级氧化联合生物活性炭工艺(AOPs-BAC)深度净化PPCPs的净化原理,在此基础上,综述了AOPs-BAC工艺对污水中PPCPs的深度净化效果及主要影响因素,并探讨了AOPs-BAC工艺对污水中PPCPs的风险削减能力,为污水中PPCPs深度净化工艺的研发及PPCPs的生态风险控制提供了参考.     

电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测空气中含硫化合物

建立电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测定空气中10种含硫化合物的方法。经考察不同采样容器、优化预处理条件、研究样品保存等获得了最佳实验条件,并通过实际样品的测定,考察了方法的适用性。结果表明:硫化氢、甲硫醇和乙硫醇3种高活性含硫化合物校准曲线线性回归系数在0.990以上,另外7种含硫化合物在0.995以上;高、中、低空白加标样品相对标准偏差均为9.5%以内,乙硫醇由于具有高活性和吸附性,低浓度空白加标回收率为63%,其余组分回收率范围为83%~110%;当进样体积为400 mL时,各目标化合物的方法检出限为0.2×10^-3~1.1×10^-3 mg/m³。分析污水处理厂无组织排放监控点的空气结果显示,该方法具有较低的检出限及较强的抗干扰能力,能较好地满足目前监测工作的要求。     

鱼体中有机微污染物的定量及筛查研究进展

化学品通过多种途径进入环境水体,可对水生生物及人体健康造成潜在风险.鱼类作为水环境污染物监测的指示生物,分析鱼体内有机微污染物的分布特征是评估水环境安全的重要方法.现有污染物种类繁多,且在生物体内存在降解转化的过程,基于靶向定量分析的监测方法难以系统、准确地评估鱼体中有机污染物的暴露特征.由于具有高分辨率、高质量精度、...     

通过式固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中18种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS;MS)快速测定蔬菜中18种农药残留的方法.样品经乙腈提取后,经Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱进行分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱.采用电喷雾电离源、正离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)进行定性和定量分析.结果表明,18种农药在0.5—50μg·L^-1范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.995),方法最低检出限为0.4—1.5μg·kg^-1,最低定量限为1.4—5.0μg·kg^-1.在韭菜、芹菜、番茄、白菜基质中,5、10、50μg·kg^-1添加水平下的加标回收率为60.2%—126.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.4%—21.6%(n=3).     

纸喷雾离子源质谱对易燃液体的快速分析方法研究

为提高对易燃液体的快速检测分析能力,在经典纸喷雾质谱的基础上,发展建立了三种新型的基于纸喷雾离子化的质谱方法,分别为基于针尖辅助纸喷雾质谱、基于导电纸辅助纸喷雾质谱、基于金属网辅助纸喷雾质谱。结果显示,在优化的实验条件下,可以迅速检测到样品中的目标化合物质子化峰。对于汽油样品,目标化合物主要是烷基吡啶类同系物;对于柴油样品,目标化合物主要是几种系列的含氮杂环芳香族化合物的同系物。对汽油和柴油样品的检测浓度均能达到5×103 ppm。这三种敞开式离子源质谱方法在对易燃液体的分析中,具有选择性好、无需样品前处理、分析迅速的特点。     

气相色谱-三重四级杆质谱测定环境样品中17种二 英

研究了基于Agilent气相色谱-三重四级杆质谱测定环境样品中17种二 英的分析方法.结果表明,在浓度范围0.5~2000ng/mL之间具有良好的线性,17种二 英的相对响应因子在0.96~1.21之间,相对标准偏差< 14%,定量限范围在0.080~2.83pg/μL之间,适合环境样品中超痕量二 英的分析.利用该方法对第15轮二 英国际实验室比对的沉积物样品进行了测试,总I-TEQ值落在Intercal给定的中位值±标准偏差范围内.研究选取污染源烟道气、飞灰、土壤和沉积物等40多个环境样品进行测试,并与高分辨质谱测定结果比较表明,当环境样品中二 英浓度在0~60ng I-TEQ范围,两者数据具有较好的线性相关性,R2=0.997.就17种单体而言,利用三重四级杆质谱测定的2,3,7,8-TCDF和1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF结果会高于高分辨质谱,而1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD的结果低于高分辨质谱的测定值.鉴于三重四级杆质谱在购置、维护和能耗等方面的低成本优势,本方法可作为简易经济的环境中超痕量二 英的分析方法.     

Automated indirect fluoride determination by ICP-OES using discontinuous-flow analysis

An automated method for the indirect determination of fluoride by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using discontinuous-flow analysis has been developed. A modified flow injection analysis system was used for sample preparation. The method is based on the determination of excess cerium(III) ion after precipitation of CeF₃. Separation of the precipitate is performed online on a syringe membrane filter that is cleaned each analysis cycle by 1 M nitric acid, ensuring a long life-time for the filter. As a result of the short reaction time, a detection limit of 9.5 mg L^?1 was obtained. The precision (RSD) of the proposed method is 1.02% at fluoride concentration of 28 mg L^?1. The applicability of the technique for groundwater monitoring of fluoride-contaminated area is demonstrated.     

Determination of mercury and arsenic levels in fish caught in the Beheshtabad River,Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province,Iran

Mercury and arsenic pollution has been recognized as a potential environmental and public health problem for over 40 years. The major source of exposure to mercury for humans is the ingestion of fish. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the levels of mercury and arsenic in the muscles of four fish species caught in the Beheshtabad River and comparing the results with the maximum tolerance levels for mercury and arsenic. The samples of 90 fish were used for the determination of both the metals by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the concentrations ranged from 1.5 to 3.8 µg kg^?1 for mercury and from 35 to 70 µg kg^?1 for arsenic, with means of 2.7 ± 0.5 and 57 ± 12 µg kg^?1, respectively. Both mean levels were lower than the threshold limits acceptable by WHO standards.     

Oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with 2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl imidazole for solid phase extraction and preconcentration of some metal ions

In this work, a new procedure for the enrichment of the trace amount of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Pb²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions based on the utilization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified with 2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl imidazole as chelating agent prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been described. The influence of effective parameters including pH, amount of ligand and MWCNT, composition of eluent, and coexisting ions on recoveries of understudy metal ions was examined. At the optimum pH of 5.0, all metal ions were quantitatively sorbed onto the proposed solid phase and completely desorbed with 8?mL of 5.0?mol?L^?1 HNO₃. The detection limit of Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions was 1.7, 2.4, 2.3, 2.9, 2.8, and 1.4?µg?L^?1, while the preconcentration factor was 63 for Cu²⁺ and 94 for the other metal ions and relative standard deviations between 1.8 less than 3.0%. The proposed procedure was applied for the analysis of various samples.     

Assessment of potentially toxic elements in Swiss chard and sediments of Akaki River,Ethiopia

For the determination of 15 potentially toxic elements (V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb) in plant and sediment samples of the Akaki River, Ethiopia, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry, and a RA-915+ mercury analyzer were applied. Sediment and plant samples were mineralized using a closed-vessel microwave-assisted digestion system. The elemental concentrations varied considerably in plant and sediment samples. The minimum concentration was observed for known toxic elements (As, Hg, and Cd) while the highest concentration was observed for the elements of relatively low toxicity Zn, Mn, and Fe. The concentration of Cr, Fe, Pb, Zn, and As in Swiss chard surpassed the maximum permissible levels at specific sites. At some of the sites, the sediment quality guidelines are surpassed for Cu, Zn, and Pb.