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81.
J. Preston B. Engel G. C. Lalor M. K. Vutchkov 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1996,18(3):99-104
The Centre for Nuclear Sciences (CNS) uses a raster based geographic information system (GIS), integrated with a relational database to store information on point sampled data, including concentrations of over 50 elements and/or ions in a variety of sample materials. These data are filtered in the GIS to create surface layers and are assigned colours according to percentile ranges allowing visual inspection to be used to identify significant features and trends. The database currently contains raster map layers for soils and geologic features, point site data for water and air, and vector data for roads, rivers and streams. While data are still being added to the database interesting results are already being obtained and a few instances where the GIS was used to assist in the data interpretation are reported. 相似文献
82.
Milford C. Theobald M. R. Nemitz E. Sutton M. A. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(5-6):167-176
Continuous micrometorological measurements of ammonia (NH3)exchange were made for a period of 19 months (May 1998–November 1999) over intensively managed grassland in southern Scotland. This study focused on the influence of management activities, such as cutting and fertilising, on vegetation-atmosphere exchange of NH3. Measurements were conducted within the European project GRAMINAE (GRassland AMmonia INteractions Across Europe) within which the Scottish site forms one of 6 sites in an E–W transect across Europe. NH3 emissions were enhanced (up to 300 ng m-2 s-1) after cutting followed by larger emissions after fertilising (up to 1400 ng m-2 s-1). Annual budget calculations show the intensive grassland acted as a net source (1.8 kg N ha-1 yr1) although fluxes were bi-directional with deposition dominating in the winter and emission in the summer. Initial modelling of the NH3 exchange using a `canopy compensation point' model has been conducted for key periods. The dynamics of the fluxes during these key periods, such as before and after cutting and fertilising, may be reproduced by introducing different values of the apoplastic ratio, = [NH4
+]/[H+]. 相似文献
83.
Aaron I. Packman Andrea Marion Mattia Zaramella Cheng Chen Jean-François Gaillard Denis T. Keane 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):433-442
Hyporheic exchange is known to provide an important control on nutrient and contaminant fluxes across the stream-subsurface
interface. Similar processes also mediate interfacial transport in other permeable sediments. Recent research has focused
on understanding the mechanics of these exchange processes and improving estimation of exchange rates in natural systems.
While the structure of sediment beds obviously influences pore water flow rates and patterns, little is known about the interplay
of typical sedimentary structures, hyporheic exchange, and other transport processes in fluvial/alluvial sediments. Here we
discuss several processes that contribute to local-scale sediment heterogeneity and present results that illustrate the interaction
of overlying flow conditions, the development of sediment structure, pore water transport, and stream-subsurface exchange.
Layered structures are shown to develop at several scales within sediment beds. Surface sampling is used to analyze the development
of an armor layer in a sand-and-gravel bed, while innovative synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography is used to observe patterns
of grain sorting within sand bedforms. We show that layered bed structures involving coarsening of the bed surface increase
interfacial solute flux but produce an effective anisotropy that favors horizontal pore water transport while limiting vertical
penetration. 相似文献
84.
用离子交换法从β盐母液中分离1-萘磺酸钠的研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
比较了D290、D296、D301、D370、D372、D380 6种树脂对β盐母液中1-萘磺酸的静态交换性能,筛选出D296用以回收β盐母液中的1-萘磺酸钠,进行了PH、接触时间、交换温度等影响因素的条件试验及树脂再生试验,得到1-萘磺酸钠收率80%以上。 相似文献
85.
Advances in information and communication technologies enable the public to contribute to emergency response. For instance, reporting systems set up during recent disasters allowed affected people to submit testimonies about conditions on the ground. In addition, the public has analysed data and helped to mobilise and deliver relief resources. To plan intentionally for an integrative emergency response system in the networked age, this research explores two subject areas: (i) the organisational and technical determinants of relationships forged between formal organisations and participatory online groups established by the public; and (ii) the consequences of the outcomes generated by these relationships. Four in‐depth case studies were selected for the analysis, which revealed that resource dependence, shared understanding, and the use of certain types of information technology influence the formation of such relationships. Furthermore, healthy collaborative relationships increase the chances of desirable results, including inter‐organisational alignment and minimal long‐term harm owing to a disaster. 相似文献
86.
淮河上游洪水灾害可公度信息系预测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
可公度信息系是一种源于天文学的预测方法,其实质是寻求事物发生的经验关系。本文应用此法对淮河上游的洪水灾害进行了预测分析,结果表明淮河上游洪水灾害发生具有2a、4a、5a、7a、9a、11a、19a及71a等多种周期,并在1997年、2000年等年份的前后有可能发生大洪水。 相似文献
87.
自然灾害风险区划图的一个潜在发展方向 总被引:18,自引:7,他引:18
由于自然灾害系统的复杂性及数据资料的不完备性,人们不可能精确估计任何自然灾害发生的概率,"概率值估不准"是现有超越概率风险区划图的致命弱点.简要回顾了针对这一问题已进行的提高估计精度和进行模糊风险计算的有关研究,并将模糊风险研究引入风险区划图的编制,给出了自然灾害软风险区划图的定义和一个初步的样式.讨论了这种风险图在体现风险值估不准方面,以及在为用户提供更多风险信息,为决策者提供调整余地等方面的优点.研究结果表明,软风险区划图是自然灾害风险区划图的一个潜在发展方向.为推进这一研究领域的发展,对今后的工作提出了一些建议. 相似文献
88.
GIS在重庆市地质灾害信息管理系统中的应用 总被引:3,自引:5,他引:3
重庆市是我国地质灾害非常严重的省市之一。长期以来,地质灾害的发生严重地影响着其城市建设与发展。为了加强对地质灾害规律的研究以及科学地管理地质灾害信息,本文探讨了GIS技术在重庆市地质灾害信息管理系统(CQGHMIS)中的应用。该系统以MapGis和MapInfo、Mapx作为后台支持,利用Visual basic5.0中文企业版作为开发语言,具有数据采集与更新、空间检索与查询、信息时空分析与可视和信息输出以及系统说明与帮助等五大功能。 相似文献
89.
90.
本文介绍了黄土地区土壤侵蚀信息系统的建造原理与方法。分析探讨了土壤侵蚀各因子计算机自动提取的算法,以及土壤侵蚀预测模型的构造方法,并用灰色控制系统的原理确定了模型的参数。并以山西省离石县王家沟流域羊道沟为例进行了试验研究。 相似文献