从环境影响角度分析水泥窑除尘器选型的合理性

从水泥窑大气污染物对环境影响的角度，分析了新型干法水泥回转窑窑尾和窑头除尘器选型的合理性，包括投资、运行成本、对污染物治理和工况的适应性、操作和维修性能、可靠性、稳定性、除尘效率以及非正常排放、污染物排放量、大气环境容量、环境质量标准、气候条件等对环境的影响程度。     

二氧化碳排放的国际比较及对我国低碳经济发展的启示

首先分析了我国二氧化碳排放的基本情况,指出当前二氧化碳排放增长率虽然有所下降,但环境形势依然严峻。然后从国家碳排放总量、人均CO2排放量、单位GDP二氧化碳排放量、国家累积碳排放和人均累积碳排放几个方面对我国二氧化碳排放水平与国际水平进行了比较,并结合节能减排目标对我国低碳经济的发展提出了相关建议。     

Measured and modelled tritium concentrations in freshwater Barnes mussels (Elliptio complanata) exposed to an abrupt increase in ambient tritium levels

To improve understanding of environmental tritium behaviour, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) included a Tritium and C-14 Working Group (WG) in its EMRAS (Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety) program. One scenario considered by the WG involved the prediction of time-dependent tritium concentrations in freshwater mussels that were subjected to an abrupt increase in ambient tritium levels. The experimental data used in the scenario were obtained from a study in which freshwater Barnes mussels (Elliptio complanata) were transplanted from an area with background tritium concentrations to a small Canadian Shield lake that contains elevated tritium. The mussels were then sampled over 88 days, and concentrations of free-water tritium (HTO) and organically-bound tritium (OBT) were measured in the soft tissues to follow the build-up of tritium in the mussels over time.The HTO concentration in the mussels reached steady state with the concentration in lake water within one or two hours. Most models predicted a longer time (up to a few days) to equilibrium. All models under-predicted the OBT concentration in the mussels one hour after transplantation, but over-predicted the rate of OBT formation over the next 24 h. Subsequent dynamics were not well modelled, although all participants predicted OBT concentrations that were within a factor of three of the observation at the end of the study period. The concentration at the final time point was over-predicted by all but one of the models. The relatively low observed concentration at this time was likely due to the loss of OBT by mussels during reproduction.     

Effects of previous sublethal pulse to ammonium nitrate on mortality and total length on Epidalea calamita larvae

Ammonium nitrate is one of the most widespread contaminants related with the viability of natural amphibian populations. In this study we have evaluated in terms of mortality and total length the effects that a previous sublethal pulse to ammonium nitrate generates in Epidalea calamita. Experiments were divided in two phases. In the first one, tadpoles were exposed to two different treatments, with and without a low ammonium nitrate concentration (22 mg NH₄NO₃ L⁻¹). The second phase consisted in static toxicity experiments from both origin treatments with five different nominal concentrations (0, 22, 45, 90 and 180 mg NH₄NO₃ L⁻¹). Results showed that tadpoles that had experienced a previous sublethal exposure showed a negative effect on survival (57% of reduction in the LC₅₀ value) and total length, throughout an increase in their sensitivity. These results could help us to understand the situation of amphibian populations inhabiting aquatic ecosystems exposed to discontinuous and variable pulses of pollutants.     

I can't get no job satisfaction: Meta‐analysis comparing permanent and contingent workers

Scholars are concerned that contingent workers experience more adverse psychological job outcomes than permanent employees, but the empirical work on job satisfaction is mixed. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively summarize the potential mean differences in job satisfaction between contingent workers and permanent employees. Meta‐analytic results from 72 primary studies (N = 237 856) suggest that compared with permanent employees, contingent workers experience lower job satisfaction (d = ?0.21); but when outlying primary studies are removed, the mean difference is small but significant (d = ?0.06). Methodological artifacts explain small but significant differences in job satisfaction but do not account for much variance. Moderator analyses support previous findings that contingent workers are not a homogeneous group; some contingent workers (e.g., agency workers) experience lower job satisfaction than permanent employees, whereas the job satisfaction of other contingent workers (e.g., contractors) is similar to permanent employees. The findings have implications for increasing our understanding of job satisfaction by showing that job satisfaction appears to vary by employment type. Practical implications suggest that extending human resource practices to contingent workers may increase their job satisfaction, which has been shown to influence job performance, citizenship behaviors, and turnover. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

International Comparison of Occupational Safety and Health Research—A Review Based on Published Articles

A comparison of international literature in occupational safety and health (OSH) research over the years from 1980 to 1998 was conducted. The comparison is based on the different languages of the over 35,000 articles, which were collected from different databases. The distribution of languages in the analyzed data has to be considered carefully with respect to the original purpose of the data collection and the specific role of the international publication language, English. The comparison shows that in several aspects OSH research does not differ in different publication languages. In some methodological aspects, and in specific objects of research, differences between articles published in different languages can be found.     

膜基材对动态膜生物反应器性能的影响研究

选用5种滤布作为动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)的膜基材在相同操作条件下进行对比实验,考察反应器运行周期、反冲洗前后过滤压力、膜通量的恢复情况,分析DMBR进出水水质.结果表明,应用DMBR处理模拟生活污水,其中孔径为24μm的涤纶短纤滤布组成的DMBR对COD、氨氮和总氮的去除率分别为90%、80%和48%以上;运行周期...     

几种有机废气吸收液对甲苯吸收效果的对比

采用自行设计的吸收装置,对比研究了国内外文献报道的几种有机废气吸收液(二乙基羟胺、聚乙二醇400、硅油、食用油、废机油、0#柴油)对模拟甲苯废气的吸收效果。结果表明,通过改变吸收液种类、废气中甲苯浓度等条件能够对甲苯废气吸收效果产生显著影响。随着吸收时间的延长,吸收液对甲苯的吸收率逐渐降低,直至达到动态饱和。随甲苯废气中甲苯浓度的增大,吸收液的有效吸收量减小,而饱和吸收量则增大。在相同实验条件下,二乙基羟胺对甲苯的有效吸收量与饱和吸收量均最大,其次是食用油、机油、0#柴油,而聚乙二醇与硅油吸收效果最差。本研究结果为合理选择甲苯废气的高效吸收液提供了理论依据。     

环境空气质量指数计算方法与分级方案比较

环境空气质量指数(AQI)广泛应用于各国环境空气质量评价体系之中,旨在为公众提供简单明了的空气质量信息和健康指引。通过对不同国家和地区空气质量指数的名称、计算方法、分级方案进行深入分析和比较,系统分析了各种空气质量指数的优缺点,并针对我国当前的空气质量指数体系存在的问题提出了相应的改进建议。     

垃圾渗滤液中微塑料分析的消解方法评价

微塑料(MPs)是近年来国内外关注度极高的新兴污染物,建立实际环境样品中MPs的分析方法是开展相关研究的基础。对于复杂污水样品而言,样品的消解过程至关重要,将极大地影响MPs的准确分析。选择垃圾渗滤液为典型复杂污水样品,采用样品浊度和色度变化、残余悬浮固体量、MPs在颗粒物中的占比为评价指标,对盐酸消解、30%过氧化氢消解及芬顿试剂消解3种常用消解方法的消解效果进行了比较。结果表明,30%过氧化氢对垃圾渗滤液样品的消解效果最佳,MPs在全部颗粒物中的占比达63.7%,极大地缩减了后续MPs定性分析的时间,降低了分析难度,且对渗滤液中MPs的回收率也高达(103±3)%。在此基础上,讨论了消解效果与过氧化氢投加量/样品浊度(V_H2O2/T₁)的关系。当V_H2O2/T₁为0.15～0.20 mL/NTU时,样品残余悬浮固体量最低,消解效果最佳。