Land use/cover change effects on floods with different return periods: a case study of Beijing, China

In this study, an approach integrating digital land use/cover change (LUCC) analysis, hydraulic modeling and statistical methods was applied to quantify the effect of LUCC on floods in terms of inundation extent, flood arrival time and maximum water depth. The study took Beijing as an example and analyzed five specific floods with return periods of 20-year, 50-year, 100-year, 1000-year and 10000-year on the basis of LUCC over a nine-year period from 1996 to 2004. The analysis reveals that 1) during the period of analysis Beijing experienced unprecedented LUCC; 2) LUCC can affect inundation extent and flood arrival time, and floods with longer return periods are more influenced; 3) LUCC can affect maximum water depth and floods with shorter return periods are more influenced; and 4) LUCC is a major flood security stressor for Beijing. It warns that those cities having experienced rapid expansion during recent decades in China are in danger of more serious floods and recommends that their actual land use patterns should be carefully assessed considering flood security. This integrated approach is demonstrated to be a useful tool for joint assessment, planning and management of land and water.     

三峡库区奉节县土地承载力与移民安置

人口环境容量的研究是提高移民安置工作科学性的基础，通过对四川奉节县人口及土地资源调查数据的分析，考察了三峡水库淹没对库区人口环境容量的缩减；对库区不同区域，不同类型的土地对人口的承载能力进行定量分析；研究了移民安置与环境容量的关系；探讨了通过大农业和通过城镇化、非农化等方式安置农村移民的对策。     

洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化以及三峡工程蓄水对其影响

通过对近20 a遥感影像的解译分析,结果表明：洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化较为迅速,在几种湿地景观类型中,芦苇分布面积稳定增长,由475 km²增至751 km²,年均增加13.1 km²,湖草的分布面积比较稳定,而水面与泥滩的分布面积则大幅减少。湿地格局演变总体上呈现芦苇挤占湖草的分布空间、湖草挤占水面泥滩的态势。分析认为泥沙淤积和湖泊水情变化改变了洲滩的淹水历时,引起植被分布的变化,是影响洞庭湖湿地景观格局的主要因素。2000年后,随着泥沙淤积减缓,湖泊水情变化对湿地景观格局影响更为重要,其中三峡水库的运行使洞庭湖中、低位洲滩提前出露,淹水历时缩短,导致湖草的分布界线明显向下延伸