VOCs走航观测在城市污染源排查中的应用

为推进城市空气质量精细化管理工作的实施,实现VOCs污染源精准排查,2019年3-4月,利用单光子电离飞行时间质谱对青岛市重点区域进行了VOCs走航观测。在排查到的污染源中,工业区的VOCs浓度较生活区整体偏高,且生活区、工业区夜间的VOCs浓度均较白天高。VOCs各类组分中,生活区白天苯系物、卤代烃、烯烃、烷烃的占比均在20%左右,夜间苯系物占比明显升高;工业区苯系物在白天和夜间的占比均最高,其他组分相对较小。浓度较高的前10位VOCs物种中,生活区白天烯烃物种占主导,夜间烷烃物种的比重明显增加;工业区苯系物、烯烃物种在白天和夜间的比重均较大,烷烃物种较小。生活区VOCs的污染源主要为机动车尾气排放和油品挥发,工业区主要为企业排放。烯烃和苯系物臭氧生成贡献较烷烃高,特别是丁烯、戊烯、己烯、甲苯、二甲苯/乙苯、三甲苯贡献显著,建议作为优控物种重点管控。     

Pilot investigations of surface parts of three closed landfills and factors affecting them

Aftercare of closed sanitary landfills in a major environmentalproblem. Rehabilitation of the landfill with vegetation and reducing leachate production are two issues that must be dealt.For this reason, Finnish Environment Institute has conducted several projects on closed landfills. This research aims atdetermining the physical and chemical properties of the soils atthree closed landfills in Helsinki, Finland. Research was conducted to understand the impact by studying the following properties: Chemical, nutrient metal, gamma and radon analysis of surface soils of three closed landfills in Helsinki area.     

用热释光剂量计对哈密地区环境天然贯穿辐射水平调查

用国产ETLD-80型热释光环境剂量计调查了哈密地区环境天然贯穿辐射水平.结果表明,哈密地区室外、室内宇宙射线电离辐射空气吸收剂量率分别为(3.7±0.3 )、(3.3±0.3)×10~(-8)Gy/h,人口加权平均值分别为3.2和2.8×10~(-8)Gy/h.地球γ辐射空气吸收剂量率分别为(5.8±0.9)、(7.7±1.2)×10~(-8)Gy/h,人口加权平均值分别为5.0和6.6×10~(-8)Gy/h.天然贯穿辐射所致居民有效剂量当量为71.7μSv/a(宇宙辐射298μSv/a,地球γ辐射419μSv/a).     

扎龙湿地的生态环境评价及防治对策

介绍了扎龙湿地的生态状况 ,并运用模糊数学对其生态状况给予评价 ,为做好扎龙湿地的生态保护工作 ,提出了相应的对策     

长江以北沿海经济贝类中的麻痹性贝毒

应用小白鼠检测方法，对我国长江以北沿岸的经济贝类进行了麻痹性贝毒检测。采样时间 １９９７年９月２３日￣１２月８日。从鸭绿江口到长江口共调查２０个站位，检测经济贝类１４种，样品３８份，其中只有１份样品检测出麻痹性贝毒（６．４Ｍｎ／ｇ），其余样品均为未检出。     

关于我国政府对重大突发事件管理现状的问卷调查与分析

在对我国的6个大中城市涉及重大突发事件的相关部门进行了问卷调查与访谈的基础上,通过对263份有效问卷的统计数据处理,笔者分析了被调查者对重大突发事件的基本认识、现有的重大突发事件政府管理现状、我国重大突发事件政府管理中存在的问题。从中得到了重大突发事件自身的发展有其一定的规律性、对社会的影响的主要原因、我国重大突发事件政府管理模式的基本现状和存在的问题,并指出了必须针对重大突发事件的发展规律,提高政府对现有的重大突发事件管理效率,构建相应的政府预警管理模式。最后,提出了我国政府对重大突发事件管理模式的改进意见,期望政府能对重大突发事件管理模式的构建有所参考和启示。     

金昌市环境中铜的来源调查分析

大多数重金属通常是以气溶胶形式,如以烟、雾、尘分散在大气中.悬浮颗粒物中重金属是重要的大气污染物之一,目前已证实颗粒物中重金属如Ni、Cu、Cd、As等不但对人体具有毒害,而且具有致癌作用.金昌市是以硫化型金属矿为原料生产镍、铜的工业城市.因总体产业格局基本为原材料初级加工,能耗物耗高,原工艺水平低,环保欠帐较多,工业污染源超标排放污染物普遍,区域性环境污染相对突出.根据金昌市大气污染现状,通过对环境空气、土壤、植物中的重金属铜进行布点采样及分析,找出了重金属铜的污染分布特征以及来源.     

成都市危险废物现状调查及污染控制对策研究

本文在对成都市危险废物产生及污染控制状况进行调查分析的基础上,结合国内外危险废物管理经验,提出了成都市危险废物控制的对策及建议。     

Metallurgical analysis of the ‘cause’ arc beads pattern characteristics under different short-circuit currents

Electric arc beads commonly cause large fire and explosion accidents, especially during the powder process industries. During such fires, the original equipment is often severely burned, rendering electrical fire investigation impossible. Therefore, identifying the beads caused by electrical faults through metallurgical investigation is crucial. This study focused on the ‘cause’ of arc beads and determined their pattern characteristics through metallurgical analysis of copper wires with short-circuit currents of 100, 160, 200, and 240 A. According to microstructure characteristics and metallographic knowledge, bead pattern characteristics were divided into six types: hypereutectic (A), dendritic eutectic (B), chilled layer (C), cellular crystal (D), dendritic (E), and coarse columnar crystal (F). Oxide levels of each category were A (4.5%–7.6%) > C (2.0%–3.8%) > B (1.1%–2.4%) > D (1.0%–2.1%) > E (0.6%–1.9%) > F (0.1%–0.7%). When the short-circuit currents were the same, there were a greater number of small particle beads than large ones. As the current increased, the number of distributed beads with a particle size d < 1 mm decreased, with 1 mm ≤ d < 2 mm increased, and with d ≥ 2 mm were stable. Bead size and distribution had a negative linear correlation at 200 A. When the current increased, the proportion of beads with A and C structures gradually decreased, and those with D structures increased to more than 50%. Oxygen content and arc temperature determined the oxide form. These results are vital for electrical fire investigations and provide theoretical support for fire material evidence extraction and cause identification.     

大型水电工程构建双重预防机制的探索与实践——以白鹤滩水电站为例

为有效遏制大型水电工程中重特大事故的发生,探索并构建双重预防机制。以白鹤滩水电站为例,系统介绍双重预防机制构建流程,在大量工程项目风险控制实践的基础上,总结提炼出“以安全设计减少风险源头、以本质安全强化风险管控、以安全隐患微信系统深化隐患排查治理”作为重要途径和手段。结果表明:以建设单位为主导,在参建单位主动参与的管理模式下,使用反馈分析并持续改进的方法,可形成统一、规范、高效的双重预防机制。