A risk-based modelling approach to enhance shipping accident investigation

This paper developed a risk-based modelling approach to enhance the execution process of shipping accident investigation (SAI). Specifically, the paper addressed a fuzzy extended fault tree analysis (FFTA) that combines the effects of organizational faults and shipboard technical system failures under a unique risk assessment scheme. The case study illustrates that a novel idea behind the proposed methodology allows relevant accident investigators to clarify the probability of technical failures, operational misapplications, and legislative shortages leading to the shipping accident. The current SAI reports can be extended with an integrated risk assessment section to formulate integrated strategies along with risk control measures onboard ships. Since the consequences of shipping accidents are still a global concern, the paper addresses integration of a FFTA into SAI reports to ensure a consistent database and subsequent decision aid to accident analysis and prevention efforts in the maritime transportation industry.     

Accident in a French dynamite factory: An example of an organisational investigation

The 27th of March 2003, an explosion caused the death of four employees in a Nitrochimie pyrotechnic plant, at Billy Berclau, in the north of France. Following the accident, the ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development appointed INERIS to perform an investigation. According to the terms of reference, the investigation would cover technical (origins of the explosion, extent of damages) as well as organisational issues, as defined by SEVESO II safety management system requirements. This paper has a threefold purpose. It intends first to illustrate with an empirical case the current trend in safety auditing and accident investigation, targeting organisational factors, alongside human factors. There are not so many published cases of accidents analysed with an organisational perspective. Secondly, it shows that it is possible to investigate organisational dimensions (through articulation of safety engineering, safety management and human and social sciences) within reasonable time frames and a reasonable amount of resources. By focusing on key actors and asking appropriate questions related to key dimensions, investigating organisational accidents might not necessarily imply spending much more resources than other steps such as damage assessment, chronological construction or identification of technical scenarios, although there are also some prerequisite conditions needed to achieve this. Finally this paper should be seen as a technical communication beyond the pyrotechnic industry.     

长白山西坡-火山地质科考、旅游胜地

长白山火山是一座中国最大的第四纪层状复式火山,是1000年前世界上最大的火山喷发之一.至今保留着完好的火山地貌景观,是研究火山活动机制、岩浆演化及火山灾害等方面的重要基地,也是旅游胜地.     

兴盐界河民主村断面水环境质量溯源调查分析

以民主村断面上游为研究对象,利用有机物非靶向筛查技术,结合现场快速筛查、实验室分析及现场实地勘查结果,判断重点监测区域污染情况,并使用卫星遥感、无人机及现场排查对民主村断面所在的兴盐界河开展全流域排查。结果表明,兴盐界河沿线排污口众多,民主村断面汇水区域及兴盐界河沿线广泛受到养殖业、生活源、种植业污染,河内源污染严重,加之水流不畅、汛期放大污染等自然因素,导致断面水质无法稳定达标,全年平均水质超Ⅲ类。     

个性化通风在改善大空间空气质量中的应用

针对某大型超市的空气质量调查结果从健康与舒适性角度提出了个性化通风的必要性,并对个性化通风在开敞大空间中应用的可行性及空气质量改善效果进行了论证。研究结果对于空调通风系统的设计、运行管理以及超市的经营策略的不断完善有一定的借鉴作用。     

漕泾—柘林滩涂及近岸海域的生态调查及其评价

对杭州湾北岸漕泾－柘林滩涂及近岸海域的藻类，浮游动物，底栖动物，植被和鸟类进行生态综合调查，结果表明，中国绿螂是潜在可开发的生物资源；植被结构简单，是上海滩涂典型的芦苇，海三棱鹿草群落；鸟类主要为候鸟，大部分是长途越境迁徒的国际保护鸟类。     

机动车辆火灾调查

近年来,机动车遍布全国各大城市,已成为移动的建筑,随之而来的机动车辆火灾事故频发,载客车辆因人员高度密集造成群死群伤;载货车辆因货物集中或运载危险品造成重大损失,并引发交通堵塞、环境污染等次生灾害。本文主要介绍了机动车火灾的现场勘验和调查,通过现场勘验确定起火点,调查询问收集和发现证据等方面对机动车辆火灾进行研究,从中发现起火原因的规律和特点,采取有针对性的措施,有效地遏制和减少此类火灾发生,达到预防机动车辆火灾的目的。     

突发事件应急响应规范化势在必行——“7．23”甬温线特大铁路交通事故应急响应反思

本文采用“7．23”甬温特大铁路交通事故应急响应过程中出现的部分情景,按时间序列刻画出因果关系鱼刺图,分析其中应急准备、生命救援、应急指挥和现场保护等几个关键节点显露的现象与原因。认为该事件应急响应活动所出现问题症结之一是缺乏应急救援规范和标准化,映射出某些关键响应行动自由裁量的随意性大于制度规范性。针对突发事件应急响应中涌现出系统脆弱性和我国公共安全管理体系结构性缺陷,作者建议应尽快制修订有关应急准备、应急指挥和事故调查等方面的规程和标准,从制度上规范应急响应行为,提高重大突发事件应对能力。     

山东省自然保护区管理状况调查与分析

基于自然保护区管理机构、人员配置、固定资产、事业经费、基建与生态工程投入、旅游收入等17项调查指标,系统调查了山东省自然保护区管理机构、人员配置和资金投入状况,定量分析了山东省自然保护区管理状况,论述了自然保护区管理存在的主要问题与对策。结果表明:山东省56%的自然保护区建立了专门的管理机构,63%的自然保护区现有人员数量低于25人,33%的自然保护区事业经费低于45万元。自然保护区管理存在的主要问题是管理机构不健全、人员配置不合理和资金投入不足。因此,山东省自然保护区管理应进一步完善管理机构,合理配置人员,增加资金投入。     

On-Site Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Analysis to Streamline Vapor Intrusion Investigations

Distinguishing between vapor intrusion and indoor sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a significant challenge in conventional vapor intrusion assessments. For this research project, the authors developed a step-by-step protocol to streamline building-specific investigations by using on-site gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and building pressure manipulation to determine the source of VOCs in indoor air during a 1-day field investigation. Protocol validation included implementation in industrial buildings and testing alongside conventional methods. The new protocol compares favorably to conventional approaches, yielding more definitive results in less time. This article presents three case studies which illustrate application of the protocol.