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11.
以海洋环境中一个非常重要的局部腐蚀形式——低水位加速腐蚀(ALWC)为对象,自其检测、发生原因、防护三个方面就国内外的文献报告进行综述分析。在检测方面,首先介绍了常用的宏观观察这一被动形式,并突出其特征,然后介绍了利用海水中可溶性无机氮含量作为ALWC发生概率预测这一主动形式,分析其优势与不足。在发生原因方面,在对将ALWC认定为一种典型的微生物腐蚀(MIC)形式的认知过程进行介绍之后,重点分析了微生物对ALWC作用机制不清晰的原因,并建议在后续研究中突出动态演变过程,结合高通量测序等分子生物学技术,确定在不同的阶段影响ALWC的关键微生物,且进一步在大气-海水体系下研究典型菌株及其协同作用的影响,提出微生物对ALWC的作用机制。在防护方面,根据新建和已建钢结构设施分别对传统和针对ALWC所具有的MIC与局部腐蚀特性的新型高效防护方法进行了介绍,并分析了防护方法的优缺点。 相似文献
12.
硫酸盐还原菌对EH40焊接钢海水腐蚀的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的研究无菌和SRB体系中EH40钢焊接接头的母材区、热影响区和焊缝区腐蚀差异。方法利用金相显微镜观察、失重法、电化学测试、扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱仪等分析手段。结果焊缝区微观组织由块状铁素体(BLF)和魏氏组织(W)组成;热影响区可再分为粗晶区(CGHAZ)和细晶区(FGHAZ)两个区;母材区主要由BLF、AF和少量珠光体组成。在无菌对照体系中,焊缝区腐蚀速率为0.0026 mm/a,混合区次之,为0.0023 mm/a,母材区最小,为0.0019 mm/a。含SRB体系中,各区的腐蚀速率为:焊缝区(0.0037 mm/a)混合区(0.0034 mm/a)母材区(0.0030 mm/a)。热影响区腐蚀产物形貌粗大,点蚀孔也较大。结论焊缝区比母材区容易腐蚀,由此易造成小阳极大阴极加速腐蚀,热影响区容易发生点蚀。SRB能促进三个区域试样腐蚀加速。 相似文献
13.
目的对比研究三种油气储罐在水压试验时的腐蚀行为特征。方法选用9Ni钢、Q235碳钢、304L不锈钢储罐用材料以及3.5%NaCl模拟海水溶液,采用开路电位、电化学阻抗谱、动电位极化曲线测试方法研究三种储罐用钢在模拟海水中的电化学腐蚀特征,同时结合浸泡质量损失试验和微观腐蚀形貌进行分析。结果 9Ni钢、Q235碳钢、304L不锈钢稳定后的开路电位(vs.SCE)分别为-0.55、-0.64、-0.10m V,Rt值分别为2 792、1 765、125 100,平均腐蚀深度分别为0.070 6、0.160 3、0.002 5 mm/a。微观腐蚀形貌显示,9Ni钢和Q235碳钢表面发生明显的腐蚀,而304L不锈钢只发生轻微的点蚀。结论在3.5%NaCl模拟海水溶液中,304L不锈钢最耐腐蚀,Q235碳钢最易腐蚀,9Ni钢居于两者之间。因此在9Ni钢和Q235碳钢储罐海水试压过程中需要采取临时保护。 相似文献
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Gu B Watson DB Wu L Phillips DH White DC Zhou J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,77(3):293-309
Zero-valent iron (Fe0)-based permeable reactive barriertreatment has been generating great interest for passivegroundwater remediation, yet few studies have paid particularattention to the microbial activity and characteristics withinand in the vicinity of the Fe0-barrier matrix. The presentstudy was undertaken to evaluate the microbial population andcommunity composition in the reducing zone of influence byFe0 corrosion in the barrier at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plantsite. Both phospholipid fatty acids and DNA analyses were usedto determine the total microbial population and microbialfunctional groups, including sulfate-reducing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria, and methanogens, in groundwater andsoil/iron core samples. A diverse microbial community wasidentified in the strongly reducing Fe0 environment despitea relatively high pH condition within the Fe0 barrier (up topH 10). In comparison with those found in the backgroundsoil/groundwater samples, the enhanced microbial populationranged from 1 to 3 orders of magnitude and appeared to increase from upgradient of the barrier to downgradient soil. Inaddition, microbial community composition appeared to change overtime, and the bacterial types of microorganismsincreased consistently as the barrier aged. DNA analysisindicated the presence of sulfate-reducing and denitrifyingbacteria in the barrier and its surrounding soil. However, theactivity of methanogens was found to be relatively low,presumably as a result of the competition by sulfate/metal-reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria because of the unlimited availability of sulfate and nitrate in the site groundwater. Results of this study provide evidenceof a diverse microbial population within and in the vicinity ofthe iron barrier, although the important roles of microbial activity, either beneficially or detrimentally, on the longevityand enduring efficiency of the Fe0 barriers are yet to be evaluated. 相似文献
17.
A study was carried out in a part of Palar and Cheyyar river basin to evaluate the current status of iron, manganese, zinc and atrazine concentrations, their origin and distribution in groundwater. Groundwater samples were collected during post-monsoon (March 1998 and February 1999) and pre-monsoon (June 1999) periods from 41 sampling wells distributed throughout the study area. The groundwater samples were analyzed for trace metals using AAS and atrazine using HPLC. The concentration of the trace elements in groundwater is predominant during pre-monsoon period. Distribution pattern indicates that the concentration of these elements increases from west to northeast and towards Palar river. Lower concentrations in the central part may be due to recharge of fresh water from the lakes located here. During most of the months, as there is no flow in Palar river, the concentrations of trace elements in groundwater are high. Drinking water standards indicate that Mn and Zn cross the permissible limit recommended by EPA during the pre-monsoon period. A comparison of groundwater data with trace element chemistry of rock samples shows the abundance of trace elements both in the rock and water in the order of Fe > Mn > Zn and Fe > Zn > Mn. This indicates that iron in groundwater is derived from lithogenic origin. Further, Fe, Mn and Zn have good correlation in rock samples, while it is reverse in the case of water samples, indicating the non-lithogenic origin of Mn and Zn. Atrazine (a herbicide) was not detected in any of the groundwater samples in the study area, perhaps due to low-application rate and adsorption in the soil materials. 相似文献
18.
The importance of temperature in assessing iron pipe corrosion in water distribution systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Temperature is expected to play a significant role in the corrosion of iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems. Temperature impacts many parameters that are critical to pipe corrosion including biological activity, physical properties of the solution, thermodynamic and physical properties of corrosion scale, and chemical rates. Moreover, variations in temperature and temperature gradients may give rise to new corrosion phenomena worthy of consideration by water treatment personnel. 相似文献
19.
利用钢铁联合企业的富余煤气,制甲醇与二甲醚.提出合理可行的工艺方案,进行主要物料消耗计算和成本估算,得出在工艺上和经济上可行的结论.项目的实施,能实现钢铁联合企业资源综合利用,提高企业的经济效益,同时对实现能源的多样化、发展新型清洁能源、改善生态环境都具有重要意义,其经济效益和社会效益显著. 相似文献
20.
金属铁还原降解2,4-二硝基甲苯的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了金属铁对2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)的还原降解情况.实验结果表明,2,4-DNT的还原降解与溶液初始pH值、初始浓度和溶解氧等因素有关.氯离子能消除金属铁的钝化现象.金属铁表面附载的铜对2,4-DNT的还原降解具有催化作用. 相似文献