湛江硇洲岛海域19种贝类食用部位的重金属含量及评价

测定了湛江硇洲岛海域产的17种腹足类足部肌肉和2种双壳类软体部的Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、As、Cd、Pd和Hg等8种重金属质量分数。通过对比金属污染指数,发现桶形芋螺Conus betulinus、粗糙滨螺Littorinopsis scabra、鳞片扭蚶Trisidos kiyonoi、可变荔枝螺Thais mutabilis和小结节滨螺Nodilittorina exigua受到的污染较严重;以单因子污染指数为标准,无Cu、Zn和Ni污染,Pd和Hg仅少数种轻微污染,Cr污染较严重,Cd和As污染非常严重;以重金属绝对质量分数来衡量,含As、Cr和Cd最高的贝分别是黑凹螺Chlorostoma nigerrina、粒花冠小月螺Lunella corontat和习见赤蛙螺Bursa rana。     

基于人居尺度的中国城市热岛强度时空变化及其驱动因子解析

全球变暖的大背景下城市地表热环境的日趋恶化是全球现代城市共同面临的生态环境问题之一,对城市地区居民的身心健康、空气质量改善以及植被生长发育等诸多方面造成不利影响.本文利用2001～2018 年时间序列MODIS 地表温度数据产品,基于一致性方法对我国1 232个主要城镇人居斑块(面积＞10 km2)的热岛强度及其时空变...     

哈尔滨市热岛效应与植被的关系——基于RS和GIS的定量研究

利用遥感和地理信息系统技术对Landsat ETM＋热红外遥感数据进行处理，反演和计算了哈尔滨城区的地面亮温和植被指数。通过剖面分析，研究了城区温度场的空间格局与植被盖度的关系；通过多元回归分析，揭示了城区热岛效应同多个指数的相关关系。结果表明：市内的道外区是热岛效应的主要分布区，道里区、香坊区的情况也比较严重；铁路沿线区域是城区主要的热岛效应地带；植被盖度和地面亮温呈反相关关系；植被和水体区域可以缓解城市的热岛效应。通过对市区热岛效应分析，可以监测城市化进程，为城市热环境质量评价和热源调查提供准确、丰富的信息。     

A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of Urban Heat Island

Urban Heat Island （UHI） is considered as one of the major problems in the 21st century posed to human beings as a result of urbanization and industrialization of human civilization. The large amount of heat generated from urban structures, as they consume and re-radiate solar radiations, and from the anthropogenic heat sources are the main causes of UHI. The two heat sources increase the temperatures of an urban area as compared to its surroundings, which is known as Urban Heat Island Intensity （UHII）. The problem is even worse in cities or metropolises with large population and extensive economic activities. The estimated three billion people living in the urban areas in the world are directly exposed to the problem, which will be increased significantly in the near future. Due to the severity of the problem, vast research effort has been dedicated and a wide range of literature is available for the subject. The literature available in this area includes the latest research approaches, concepts, methodologies, latest investigation tools and mitigation measures. This study was carded out to review and summarize this research area through an investigation of the most important feature of UHI. It was concluded that the heat re-radiated by the urban structures plays the most important role which should be investigated in details to study urban heating especially the UHI. It was also concluded that the future research should be focused on design and planning parameters for reducing the effects of urban heat island and ultimately living in a better environment.     

Prioritizing islands for the eradication of invasive vertebrates in the United Kingdom overseas territories

Invasive alien species are one of the primary threats to native biodiversity on islands worldwide. Consequently, eradicating invasive species from islands has become a mainstream conservation practice. Deciding which islands have the highest priority for eradication is of strategic importance to allocate limited resources to achieve maximum conservation benefit. Previous island prioritizations focused either on a narrow set of native species or on a small geographic area. We devised a prioritization approach that incorporates all threatened native terrestrial vertebrates and all invasive terrestrial vertebrates occurring on 11 U.K. overseas territories, which comprise over 2000 islands ranging from the sub‐Antarctic to the tropics. Our approach includes eradication feasibility and distinguishes between the potential and realistic conservation value of an eradication, which reflects the benefit that would accrue following eradication of either all invasive species or only those species for which eradication techniques currently exist. We identified the top 25 priority islands for invasive species eradication that together would benefit extant populations of 155 native species including 45 globally threatened species. The 5 most valuable islands included the 2 World Heritage islands Gough (South Atlantic) and Henderson (South Pacific) that feature unique seabird colonies, and Anegada, Little Cayman, and Guana Island in the Caribbean that feature a unique reptile fauna. This prioritization can be rapidly repeated if new information or techniques become available, and the approach could be replicated elsewhere in the world. Priorización de Islas para la Erradicación de Vertebrados Invasores en los Territorios Exteriores del Reino Unido     

试论海岛的持续性生态系统建设

本文从可持续发展角度论述了我国海岛的生态建设和几个重要方面，指出海岛持续性生态系统建设意义内涵和途径，在海岛的持续性生态系统建设中必须做好岛屿陆域绿色工程，环岛海域生态型渔业，海岛森林公园，海岛生态保护业和海岛特殊开发利用模式等几项工作，并就上述问题提出应采取的对策，使海岛的一切利用和环境保护有机地结合起来，也为强化海岛的立法管理和建立健全协调机构提出重要建议。     

乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛火山岩地球化学及生成与演化

本文详细讨论了南极菲尔德斯半岛岛弧火山岩的岩石化学、微量元素,稀土元素及同位素地球化学特征。区内务类火山岩普遍具高铝的特点,且有着相似的稀土元素分布模式。岩石富集Sr、Rb、Ba、K、Th等高度不相容元素,而极度亏损Ni、Cr、等过渡元素。Nd、Sr、Pb、O同位素特征显示岩石的幔源性质。主元素、微量元素混合模拟计算表明:本区高铝玄武岩可由上地幔中等程度(20—25％)部分熔融形成的橄榄拉斑质原始岩浆经一定程度的橄榄石(12％)和单斜辉石(28％)的分离结晶而成。以斜长石和辉石为主的分离结晶作用控制了本区岩石的演化。     

上海下垫面温度与城市热岛——气象卫星在城市气候研究中的应用之一

应用美国Tiros-N卫星资料对上海地区下垫面温度分析的结果表明,在晴天城市下垫面温度均高于郊区。城市内部下垫面温度差异则与人口密度,建筑物密度、工厂密集区以及黄浦江、苏州河水域温度特征有关。 通过对接近同步的卫星下垫面温度资料与实测气温资料的对比分析,发现白天城市下垫面增温速率比郊区快,而气温的增温率相差不大。因此白天当下垫面温度热岛十分显著时,气温热岛并不一定显著,甚至完全不存在。但与此同时,白天城市下垫面的增温引起的能量下传和储存却为夜间城市热岛的形成奠定了能量基础。这部分能量在日落以后,以长波辐射湍流热交换等形式提供给城市大气,部分地补偿了由于大气长波辐射而损失的能量,使城市气温下降缓慢,相对于降温较快的郊区来说,便形成了城市热岛。     

论山风对重庆雾形成和发展的作用

本文着重分析了通过市中区、长江和嘉陵江剖面上的系留气艇探空资料,研究了浓雾生消过程中剖面上各气象要素场的连续变化.结果表明,山风、城市热岛和两江水面对雾的形成和发展起着重要作用.     

二维盆地流场及其污染物分布的模拟

利用数值积分方法求解二维盆地地形大气热力-动力学方程组及扩散方程,模拟了在盛行风和静风时,盆地内有无热岛条件下整个区域的流场及其盆地内存在面源时的浓度分布。结果表明,白天山脉作为热源,而晚间成为冷源;存在明显的山坡风环流,但盆地内环流要比盆地外弱;静风、有热岛时,盆地内污染物浓度大于没有热岛时;有盛行风时,盆地内污染物会被带至盆地外的平原地带,迎风坡是受污染最严重的地带。