1株扑热息痛降解新菌株的选育及其代谢特性研究

通过选择性富集培养,从活性污泥样品中选育到1株能以扑热息痛为唯一碳源生长的好氧细菌F1.根据菌株F1的形态特征、生理生化特性、16S rRNA基因序列分析及和Biolog测试,初步鉴定为亲铜(Cupriavidus necator)菌属.菌株F1降解扑热息痛最适pH值和温度分别为7.0和30℃;菌株降解扑热息痛的过程遵...     

A kinetic model of Ti（IV）-catalyzed H2O2/O3 process in aqueous solution

A kinetic model for the Ti(IV)-catalyzed H₂O₂/O₃ process was established, and the experimental results demonstrated that the model could well describe this ozone-based oxidative system mathematically and chemically.     

MBR污水处理工艺中活性污泥动力学参数测定

缺乏可靠的污泥动力学设计参数是膜-生物反应器（membrane bioreactor,MBR）工艺在实际应用中遇到的主要问题之一.以某座处理城市污水的实际规模MBR工程的好氧活性污泥为对象,采用耗氧速率表征方法,测定计算得到以下动力学参数值：异养菌产率系数Y_H＝0.693、自养菌产率系数Y_A＝0.263、异养菌衰减系数K_dH＝0.108 d^-1、自养菌衰减系数K_dA＝0.089 d^-1、COD最大比去除速率v_mS＝1.94 mg·(mg·d)^-1、COD去除半饱和常数K_S＝34.6 mg·L^-1、氨氮最大比去除速率v_mN＝0.18 mg·(mg·d)^-1、氨氮去除半饱和常数K_N＝1.06 mg·L^-1.以上结果与传统活性污泥法工艺（CAS）中污泥的文献报道值相比,Y_H和K_dH较高,而v_mS和v_mN较低.MBR的高污泥浓度条件可能是导致上述差异出现的主要原因.     

好氧颗粒污泥降解氯苯胺类化合物的作用模式

好氧颗粒污泥能有效降解氯苯胺类化合物,然而,其同步高效降解的性能和基质间作用模式尚不清楚。文章考察好氧颗粒污泥体系降解和矿化氯苯胺类化合物的性能,并深入探讨同步降解过程中,各基质间的促进或抑制效应。实验结果表明,该体系降解单一氯苯胺类化合物遵循合Luong动力学模型,邻氯苯胺(2-CA)、间氯苯胺(3-CA)、对氯苯胺(4-CA)最大降解浓度(Sm)分别为:678.1 mg/L,837.7 mg//L和819.8 mg/L;好氧颗粒污泥体系能够完全降解和矿化总浓度低于750 mg/L的氯苯胺混合物,各化合物间降解速率符合3-CA>4-CA>2-CA。当氯苯胺类化合物共存时,相互间存在竞争性抑制作用,其中,2-CA对3-CA和4-CA的抑制作用明显小于后两者混合的相互抑制作用;对于2-CA的生物降解,3-CA的抑制作用小于4-CA。     

生物滴滤塔同步降解多组分挥发性有机物的实验研究

采用定向驯化活性污泥接种生物滴滤塔(BTF)同时处理甲苯、甲醇、丙烯酸乙酯挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)混合废气,考察BTF的长期稳定运行性能及微生物平均代谢活性.结果表明,混合气进口浓度低于910mg/m3时,BTF对VOCs混合废气总去除率可维持在80%以上,BTF可高效同步净化中低浓度VOCs混合废气;当进气负荷>120g/(m3·h)时,去除负荷趋于稳定,为100g/(m3·h)左右;CO2的生成量与混合废气的去除负荷的比值为1.731,表明BTF对此3种混合废气有较高程度的矿化;BTF对甲苯、甲醇、丙烯酸乙酯的降解行为符合Michaelis-Menten动力学模型,单位体积最大降解速率rmax分别是为90.9,50.5,58.5 g/(m3·h).平均吸光度(AWCD)值分析结果表明塔内微生物具有较高的代谢活性.     

微污染河水旁路复氧修复效果及污染物去除动力学特征

为改善受污河流水质,保障小城镇饮用水安全,在野外条件下构建DW(跌水池)、SW(深水池)和QW(浅水池)3种装置对微污染河流进行旁路复氧修复,考察不同装置对污染物的去除效果及进水污染物负荷及水力负荷对污染物去除的影响.结果表明,3种旁路复氧修复装置在较高进水ρ(DO)情况下,能够进一步提升ρ(DO),复氧作用表现为QW>DW>SW.DW、SW和QW对NH₄+-N、TN、TP和COD_Mn的平均去除率分别为39.5%~41.8%、1.0%~25.8%、13.8%~16.4%和6.4%~8.8%.污染物出水浓度和进水负荷具有较强的线性关系(R2>0.8);随着水力负荷的降低,污染物去除效果均有所提升.一级动力学模型可以较好地模拟修复系统中水力负荷与污染物去除的关系(R2>0.9).      

顺序注射阻抑动力学光度法测定环境水样中的对苯二酚

在酸性条件下,利用对苯二酚能够阻抑碱性藏花红和溴酸钾反应的原理,联用顺序注射分析技术建立了快速测定环境水样中对苯二酚的新方法。在最佳实验条件下,对苯二酚的线性范围为0.05~1.50μg·m L~(-1),检出限为0.02μg·m L~(-1),完成一次分析循环总的试剂消耗仅为0.125 m L。该方法用于自来水、地表水和河水中对苯二酚的测定,结果与HPLC法所得结果对照,无显著性差异。     

Combined treatment of phenolic wastewater by wet air oxidation and activated sludge

Wet air oxidation (WAO) is employed in this work for treating high concentration chemical wastewater containing phenol and/or phenolic compounds. Experimental results indicate that over 90% removal of phenol or phenolic compounds can be efficiently achieved in the WAO process. Despite of the high treatment efficiency of the WAO process, the treated wastewater, however, still retains relatively high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and does not meet the safe discharge standard. Hence further treatment of the WAO treated wastewater by an aerobic biological treatment using acclimatized activated sludge is necessary. It is found in the present studies that the combined process, if appropriately operated, is capable of drastically reducing the COD concentration of the high concentration chemical wastewater to meet the safe discharge requirement. The operating conditions of the combined process are investigated to determine their respective effects on the overall treatment efficiency. The experimental data also indicate that the oxidation reaction can be represented by a first order kinetics in terms of the component or COD concentration. For both single component and multicomponent wastewaters, the WAO process was found to have different activation energy for oxidation below and above 200°C, suggesting possibly different reaction mechanisms between these temperature ranges. The experimental results provided in the present work can provide significant and practical information for optimizing the combined treatment method.     

低浓度废水厌氧处理中不同动力学模型对比研究

采用厌氧颗粒污泥处理低浓度废水来启动实验规模的沼气提升厌氧反应器,以啤酒废水为例,厌氧反应器在温度(35±1)℃和进水COD浓度在2100~2400mg/L条件下,通过提高进水量方式,来缩短水力停留时间HRT和提高有机负荷OLR.用First-order、Monod and Contois、Grau second-order和Modified Stover–Kincannon动力学模型,考察在不同的HRT和进水浓度Si条件下,出水浓度Se与前两者的关系,确定动力学参数.实验结果表明:First-order和Monod and Contois模型不适用本实验,Grau second-order和Modified Stover–Kincannon模型适用,通过后两个模型公式分别比较实验值Se与计算值Se的差别,Grau second-order模型比Modified Stover–Kincannon模型更接近实验值.