土壤原位修复技术研究与应用进展

土壤原位修复技术是指不经挖掘,直接在污染场地就地修复污染土壤的土壤修复技术,具有投资低,对周边环境影响小的特点,是土壤修复的研究热点。土壤原位修复技术主要有淋洗,气相抽提（SVE）,多相抽提（MPVE）,气相喷射（IAS）,生物降解,原位化学氧化（ISCO）,原位化学还原,污染物固定,植物修复等。淋洗法主要用于治理高渗透性土壤中的重金属和难挥发降解的有机物。土壤气相抽提和喷射技术适用于处理土壤中的易挥发污染物,并有常与加热技术,生物处理技术等联用,可以起到促进污染物挥发,增氧促分解的作用。多相抽提法主要用于治理存在大量非水相流体的污染场地,可将土壤中有机相污染物直接抽出。生物降解有生物好氧降解、生物厌氧降解、生物还原降解多种,降解方式由污染物种类和地质条件决定。化学方法可将污染物氧化或还原为低毒无毒物质,周期一般较短。固定污染物可以直接加入药剂反应生成沉淀,也可制造合适条件使微生物生成可沉淀重金属的离子。植物修复主要用于富集重金属,成本低廉,但富集了重金属的植物体的有效利用尚待进一步研究。土壤原位修复需要因地制宜,灵活结合工期、污染情况、地质条件、地面设施等,得出最经济实用的修复方法,并在辅助提高技术上展开更多研究,使原位修复技术更经济有效。     

双齿许水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus dubia)对亚热带虾池Cu和Zn富集的研究

重金属污染是对虾养殖环境主要污染现象之一,查明重金属在环境中的迁移规律对养殖水质调控和对虾健康养殖具有重要意义。本文采用火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定在不同暴露时间下双齿许水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus dubia) 对Cu和Zn的富集量,研究了双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn富集动力学,并探讨了温度和盐度对其富集的影响。结果表明：双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn的富集过程均经历了快速、慢速和平衡3个阶段,实验24 h达到富集平衡;双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn的富集动力学参数k_1(Cu)=0.077 < k_1(Zn)=0.272,BCF_(Cu)=0.344 < BCF_(Zn)=2.252,双齿许水蚤对Zn的富集速率和富集能力均大于Cu。温度对双齿许水蚤Cu和Zn富集的影响显著(p <0.05),最适温度范围为15~30 ℃;盐度对双齿许水蚤Zn富集的影响极显著(p <0.01),而对Cu富集的影响不显著(p >0.05),对Cu和Zn适宜的富集盐度范围为5~35。这些研究结果表明,双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn均具有较强的富集能力。基于以上研究结果,在对虾养殖期间,应通过循环过滤设施去除受到重金属污染池塘中的浮游动物,从而减少幼虾对其摄食和量度体重金属的积累,降低食品安全隐患。     

Removal of 17β-estradiol in laccase catalyzed treatment processes

The removal of 17β-estradiol （E2） in laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling processes was systematically studied in this work. We focused on the influence of pH and natural organic matter （NOM） on the performance of the enzymatic treatment processes. It was found that the optimal pH for E2 removal was between 4 and 6. The removal of E2 was slightly inhibited in the presence of NOM. Enzymatic transformation of E2 was second-order in kinetics with first-order to both the concentrations of the enzyme and contaminant. Mass spectrum （MS） analysis suggested that coupling products were formed through radical-radical coupling mechanism. The results of this study demonstrated that laccase catalyzed oxidative coupling process could potentially serve as a treatment strategy to control steroid estrogens.     

Adsorptive removal of Drimarine Red HF-3D dye from aqueous solution using low-cost agricultural waste: batch and column study

This study involves the utilisation of peanut husk for the removal of Drimarine Red HF-3D dye from aqueous solutions. Batch study experiments were conducted with native, HNO₃-treated and Na-alginate-immobilised peanut husk biomass. Maximum dye removal (95.24 mg/g) was obtained with HNO₃-treated biomass. The experimental data were successfully explained with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model for all types of biosorbents. The equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. A thermodynamic study was also carried out to check the nature of the adsorption process. A fixed-bed column study for Drimarine Red HF-3D was carried out to optimise the effect of bed height, flow rate and initial dye concentration using peanut husk biomass. The column study showed that biosorption capacity increased with the increase in initial dye concentration and bed height, but decreased with increased flow rate. Data for Drimarine Red HF-3D were in very good agreement with the bed depth service time model. Fourier transform infrared analysis demonstrated the involvement of different functional groups in dye biosorption. These results showed that peanut husk biomass possessed good potential for the removal of Drimarine Red HF-3D from aqueous solution.     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soils using TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalyst

TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalysts were prepared and applied in degrading γ-hexachlorocyclohexane(γ-HCH)in soils.After being spiked with γ-HCH,soil samples loaded with the composite photocatalysts were exposed to UV-light irradiation.The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the composite photocatalysts varied with the content of TiO2 in the order of 10%＜70%＜50%＜30%.Moreover,the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts with TiO2 content 30% was higher than that of the pure P25 with the same mass of TiO2.The strong adsorption capacity of the composite photocatalysts and quantum size effect may contribute to its increased photocatalytic activities.In addition,effect of dosage of composite photocatalysts and soil pH on γ-HCH photodegradation was investigated. Pentachlorocyclohexene,trichlorocyclohexene,and dichlorobenzene were detected as photodegradation intermediates,which were gradually degraded with tlle phOtOdegradation evolution.     

生物滴滤塔净化挥发性有机废气动力学模型研究

通过对生物滴滤塔净化VOCs废气过程的分析,建立了动力学模型,简化处理后得出了基于生物降解为一级反应动力学和零级反应动力学的污染物浓度沿填料层高度变化的方程,并通过实验数据对方程进行了验证,结果表明基于生物降解一级反应动力学的方程能较好地与实验数据吻合,但常数ξα/Q却随入口浓度Cgi的增大而升高。最后,采用实验数据回归出了ξα/Q随Cg变化的曲线。     

2,4-二氯酚废水处理的试验研究

研究了活性炭吸附法处理2,4-二氯酚废水的工艺过程。研究结果表明。活性炭对该废水具有良好的吸附效果。此外,还对吸附过程的动力学进行了研究,结果表明吸附过程遵循Lagergren一级动力学模型,并得出25℃和35℃时速率常数分别为k298=0．0072min^-1、k308=0．0118min,吸附活化能Ea=38．5kj／mol。     

Fenton试剂催化氧化降解微囊藻毒素的动力学研究

针对饮用水中藻毒素污染的问题,以微囊藻毒素作为研究对象,系统地研究了Fenton试剂催化氧化降解微囊藻毒素的效能,并对其催化氧化微囊藻毒素过程的反应动力学进行了探讨。实验结果表明,Fenton试剂对微囊藻毒素具有较好的催化氧化效果,当[H2O2]=8 g/L、[Fe2 ]/[H2O2]=1/12、pH=2时,反应在30 min内微囊藻毒素的去除率可达90%以上。同时通过实验得出了Fenton试剂催化氧化降解微囊藻毒素的动力学方程为:r=2.31×106exp[-23 300/(RT)]C0.H492O2C2.22M。     

受污染地表水体生物修复技术研究进展

主要介绍了受污染地表水体生物修复技术的类型及特点,综述了国内外关于受污染地表水体生物修复技术研究及应用的现状,并对生物修复技术的研究及应用进行了展望.