低温非钒基NH3选择性催化还原催化剂的技术需求和研究进展

低温脱硝技术对于氮氧化物(NOx)的脱除意义深远,而NH3选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR) NO技术不仅在燃煤工厂里有应用,也在移动源的NOx的脱除上有应用的潜能.在低温NH3-SCR技术领域,很多非钒基的催化剂材料因其优异的催化性能受到重视.简述了低温SCR技术在能源、水泥、冶金行业的技术需求,并着重介绍了各种催化剂的SCR活性、不同催化剂的催化机制和抗SO2、H2O性能.并由此得出未来工业脱硝对催化剂的高SCR催化活性、高的N2选择性以及良好的抗SO2和H2O性能的要求.     

废水厌氧处理过程中的安全问题探讨

介绍了废水厌氧处理过程中H2S中毒和CO2窒息、沼气（甲烷）爆炸、腐蚀、结垢、气柜置换以及检修中需采取的安全措施。     

基于新型陶粒催化剂的H_2O_2/O_3多相催化氧化体系降解刚果红的研究

用自制陶粒催化剂与臭氧(O_3)、双氧水(H_2O_2)构建多相催化氧化体系降解水中的刚果红。采用电镜扫描、能谱分析与红外光谱等表征了陶粒催化剂,考察了反应时间、O_3浓度、H_2O_2投加量等因素下多相催化氧化体系对刚果红色度和COD去除率。结果表明:自制的陶粒催化剂表面较为粗糙,比表面积较大,反应后的陶粒催化剂表面较为平滑,比表面积较反应前减少;自制陶粒催化剂对H_2O_2催化能力差,但对O_3、H_2O_2/O_3具有较好的催化效果。当O_3浓度在1.2~3.8 mg/L时,陶粒/H_2O_2/O_3体系较O_3、H_2O_2/O_3对刚果红(100 mg/L)的脱色率分别平均提高了11.72%、15.32%,COD去除率分别提高了16.37%、24.29%,将陶粒引入O_3、H_2O_2/O_3体系中可减少O_3和H_2O_2的用量,提高体系的氧化性能,降低运行成本。     

广东省不同母质赤红壤磷的吸附与解吸

研究了广东省4种不同母质赤红壤磷的吸附与解吸特征,结果表明,4种不同母质赤红壤等温吸附方程（Langmuir方程,Freundilch方程和Temkin方程）的拟合结果都达到了极显著的水平。土训吸附磷量由大到小的顺序为：玄武岩＞页岩＞花岗岩＞砂页岩。赤红壤对磷的解吸顺序为：玄武岩＜页岩＜花岗岩＜砂页岩,说明粘粒较少的母质土壤对磷的吸附力也小,因此,更容量解吸。提高土壤有机质的含量,可以改善土训的供磷性能。     

降低废水厌氧处理所需碱度的有效途径

通过分析厌氧处理系统VFA碱度和H2 CO3 碱度的变化特点 ,指出厌氧处理系统所需VFA碱度与运行方式、运行控制、水质、温度等因素有关 ,良好运行的厌氧系统所需碱度主要是H2 CO3 碱度 ;高效吹脱的厌氧系统所需H2 CO3 碱度很小 ,尤其是低浓度废水可通过选择投加碱度的种类以吸收CO2 或通过CO2 气相控制等手段将H2 CO3 碱度降至最小。     

再生气氛对CuO/AC脱硫活性的影响

本文考察了不同气氛再生后ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ脱硫剂的二次脱硫活性,并藉借助ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ表征技术以及对再生后脱硫剂残硫的分析,探讨了脱硫剂以不同还原剂在不同温度下再生后二次脱硫活性差异的内在原因,结果表明：脱硫剂经Ｈ２再生后二次脱硫活性与初活性相比出现大幅度下降,Ｈ２气氛中添加Ｈ２Ｏ可提高其二次脱硫活性;经ＮＨ３在３００℃再生后二次脱硫活性与初活性相当,两次再生后仍未观察到活性的明显下降,ＮＨ３再生时脱硫     

络合铁法脱除垃圾填埋气中的H_2S

建立了以EDTA和柠檬酸为铁盐络合剂的循环脱硫体系,采用络合铁法对垃圾填埋气中的H2S进行脱硫中试实验,结果表明实验所建立的络合铁脱硫体系运行稳定,脱硫效率高,适合应用于垃圾填埋气中硫化氢脱除.     

Exposure of the marine deposit feeder Hydrobia ulvae to sediment associated LAS

Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) effects (mortality, egestion rate, behaviour) on the marine deposit feeder Hydrobia ulvae were assessed in whole-sediment and water-only systems. The results were combined with a bioenergetic-based kinetic model of exposure pathways to account for the observed toxicity. The 10-d LC50 value based on the freely dissolved fraction was 9.3 times lower in spiked sediment (0.152 ± 0.001 (95% CI) mg/L) than in water-only (1.390 ± 0.020 (95% CI) mg/L). Consequently, the actual 10-d LC50 value (208 mg/kg) was overestimated by the Equilibrium Partitioning calculation (1629 mg/kg). This suggests that the sediment associated LAS fraction was bioavailable to the snails. It could also be due to modifications in physiological parameters in absence of sediment, the organism natural substrate.     

电-Fenton法中H2O2生成量影响因素研究

研究电压、pH值、支持电解质、极板间距对电-Fenton法产生H2O2量的影响,确定本实验的最佳状态值.实验以调节电压、pH值、支持电解质、极板间距因素为主,并以草酸钛钾比色法来确定各因素在最佳状态下的产H2O2量.结果表明,在电压15 V、pH值为3 左右、支持电解质投加量为10 g/L、极板间距10 cm时产生H2O2的量最合适,产生H2O2的量能够满足电-Fenton法处理难降解有机物废水的要求.     

Nano-textured polysilicon solar absorption films

Nano-textured polysilicon (poly-Si) solar absorption films are to be applied to the solar receiver of solar thermal electricity Stirling engine. These films were fabricated by deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films (a-Si:H) into poly-Si films, using the pulse-wave modulation plasma and furnace annealing of the a-Si:H films. This is followed by wet etching of poly-Si films into nano-textured structures. The films are then coated with a-SiN_x:H films as the antireflection and protection layers. It was observed that increasing the pulsed plasma turn-on (t_on) time leads to deposition of less dense a-Si:H film with high hydrogen content and void density. This results in films having low dielectric constant and refractive index, and high optical bandgap. Less-dense a-Si:H film can be transferred into large grain size poly-Si film, using annealing. Also, highly rough nano-textured surface structure can be produced, by etching. The denser a-Si:H film, large grain size poly-Si film, and nano-textured surface poly-Si film can enhance the absorbance of sunlight and reduce the emissivity of far infrared light. The nano-textured poly-Si film coated with an a-SiN_x:H layer can effectively increase the absorbance of sunlight to approximately 85% and reduce the emissivity of far infrared light to 49%. The nano-textured poly-Si/a-SiN_x:H films can be used as efficient solar absorption films for solar thermal electricity Stirling engine.