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131.
Identification of Putative Geographically Isolated Wetlands of the Conterminous United States
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Charles R. Lane Ellen D'Amico 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(3):705-722
Geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs) are wetlands completely surrounded by uplands. While common throughout the United States (U.S.), there have heretofore been no nationally available, spatially explicit estimates of GIW extent, complicating efforts to understand the myriad biogeochemical, hydrological, and habitat functions of GIWs and hampering conservation and management efforts at local, state, and national scales. We used a 10‐m geospatial buffer as a proxy for hydrological or ecological connectivity of National Wetlands Inventory palustrine and lacustrine wetland systems to nationally mapped and available stream, river, and lake data. We identified over 8.3 million putative GIWs across the conterminous U.S., encompassing nearly 6.5 million hectares of wetland resources (average size 0.79 ± 4.81 ha, median size 0.19 ha). Putative GIWs thus represent approximately 16% of the freshwater wetlands of the conterminous U.S. The water regime for the majority of the putative GIWs was temporarily or seasonally flooded, suggesting a vulnerability to ditching or hydrologic abstraction, sedimentation, or alterations in precipitation patterns. Additional analytical applications of this readily available geospatially explicit mapping product (e.g., hydrological modeling, amphibian metapopulation, or landscape ecological analyses) will improve our understanding of the abundance and extent, effect, connectivity, and relative importance of GIWs to other aquatic systems of the conterminous U.S. 相似文献
132.
云南省九大高原湖泊对于云南省社会经济可持续发展具有极其重要的意义。利用30 m分辨率的Landsat系列遥感数据和1.5 m分辨率的SPOT6/7遥感数据分别对云南省九大高原湖泊1989,1993,2000,2007,2015年的湖面面积进行了动态监测。结果表明:云南省九大高原湖泊在1989~2015年间总体上较为稳定,湖体湖面面积共减少了约41 km~2(约4%),但各湖变化差异较大。杞麓湖和异龙湖湖面面积持续快速萎缩,至2015年异龙湖已萎缩了1989年湖体湖面面积的40%。其中异龙湖萎缩的主要原因是干旱和围湖造田,而滇池变化波动较大,原因主要在于工业发展及工程治理。通过对同期的Landsat 8OLI数据与SPOT6/7数据解译的杞麓湖和异龙湖湖面面积对比发现不同空间分辨率的解译结果有较为明显差异(2.8%和1.7%),表明在采用多源遥感数据进行湖泊面积解译时需要考虑不同空间分辨率的影响。 相似文献
133.
134.
通江湖泊的渔业意义及其资源管理对策 总被引:21,自引:3,他引:21
长江中、下游的江湖复合生态系统包含有河流和湖泊两个环境单元。其中的鱼类群落由河海洄游鱼类、江湖洄游鱼类、河流鱼类和定居性鱼类等4个生态类群组成,尤以江湖洄游鱼类对这一特殊的生态环境形成了良好的适应,因而种群数量繁盛,从渔业的角度看,水利工程造成的江湖阻隔削弱了通江湖泊的生态功能,成为导致鱼类资源下降和种类结构改变的主要原因之一。当前应从控制捕捞、人工增殖和恢复生态环境结构等方面着手进行资源管理,确 相似文献
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137.
构建了针对再生水补给低C/N河湖水体的"释碳塘-水平潜流人工湿地-沉水植物塘"耦合生态净化系统,以北运河上游沙河水库为研究对象,研究了该耦合系统对主要污染物TN、TP和CODCr的净化效能,并采用高通量测序技术解析了各单元微生物群落分布特征.结果表明,耦合生态系统稳定运行后出水中TP、TN和CODCr的浓度分别为(0.07±0.03),(1.41±1.06)和(18.51±6.97)mg·L-1,其中,TP和CODCr可稳定达到《我国地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)地表IV类水(湖库)标准,TN达标率为73%.10月下旬后出水中TN不达标主要是由于温度降低导致反硝化细菌活性降低以及进水中C/N降低导致.本耦合系统可强化沙河水库中氮素的去除,不仅体现在释碳床的加入可补充湿地反硝化所需碳源,且自身的"夹心结构"可在内部实现缺氧环境,有利于反硝化的发生.加入释碳床前后,释碳塘和水平潜流人工湿地对TN的去除率分别由23.1%±27.3%和38.3%±21.6%提高至25.3%±19.4%和47.4%±15.6%.微生物群落分析结果表明,运行过程中释碳床内部微生物优势菌属由嗜氢菌属和淀粉发酵菌属转变为纤维素降解菌属.耦合系统各单元优势菌属差异较大,其中节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)在3个单元均为优势菌属. 相似文献
138.
Nutrient dynamics in shallow lakes of northern greece 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Petaloti C Voutsa D Samara C Sofoniou M Stratis I Kouimtzis T 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2004,11(1):11-17
GOAL, SCOPE, BACKGROUND: Shallow lakes display a number of features that set them apart from the more frequently studied deeper systems. The majority of lakes in Northern Greece are small to moderate in size with a relatively low depth and are considered as sites of high value of the wetland habitat. However, the water quality of these lakes has only been evaluated segmentally and occasionally. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to thoroughly investigate nitrogen and phosphorus speciation in lakes of a high ecological significance located in N. Greece, in order to evaluate their eutrophication status and possible nutrient limitation factors, and to investigate the main factors/sources that affect the water quality of these systems. METHODS: An extensive survey was carried out during the period from 1998-1999. Water samples were collected on a monthly basis from lakes Koronia, Volvi, Doirani, Mikri Prespa and Megali Prespa located in N. Greece. Water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity), organic indices (COD, BOD5), and N- and P-species (NO3(-), NO2(-), NH4(+), and PO4(3-), Kieldahl nitrogen and acid-hydrolysable phosphorus) were determined according to standard methods for surface water. Statistical treatment of the data was employed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The physicochemical parameters determined in the lakes studied revealed a high temporal variation. The trophic state of the lakes ranged from meso- to hypertrophic. The nutrient limiting factor varied among lakes suggesting either P-limitation conditions or mixed conditions changing from P- to N-limitation throughout the year. Urban/industrial activities and agricultural runoff are the major factors affecting all lakes, although with a varying contribution. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: This lake-specific research offers valuable information about water quality and nutrient dynamics in lakes of significant ecological value located in N. Greece that can be useful for an effective pollution control/management of these systems. Due to the large intra-annual variability of certain physicochemical parameters, a properly designed monitoring program of lake water is recommended. 相似文献
139.
Characteristics of Resuspension,Settling and Diffusion of Particulate Matter in a Water Column 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael?Belinsky Hillel?Rubin Yehuda?AgnonEmail author Eliezer?Kit Joseph?F.?Atkinson 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2005,5(5):415-441
Experiments were conducted in order to characterize the distributions of concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM)
in water columns of lakes and reservoirs. The experiments, in a reduced model of the water column, used a set of oscillating
grids. Runs were done with particles denser than water as well as with light particles. The results were in good agreement
with analytical solutions for steady-state, and non-steady-state conditions. An approximate analytical solution was derived
and found to be in agreement with the full solution. The threshold for resuspension was measured, and characterized in terms
of a modified Shields parameter, which is appropriate to a zero-shear environment. All experiments showed that the distribution
of SPM exhibited a layer near the bottom that is thought to be analogous to the benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) observed in
larger lakes. The thickness of the nepheloid layer increases with the turbulence intensity. 相似文献
140.
城市湖泊沉积物微塑料污染特征 总被引:9,自引:8,他引:1
近年来,出现在环境中的微塑料日益受到重视.本文选择马鞍山市雨山湖和南湖等典型城市湖泊,研究春夏两季沉积物中微塑料的物理形貌特征和时空分布特征,并探究湖泊中微塑料的来源.结果表明,春季沉积物中微塑料平均含量为(0.028 4±0.059 7)g·kg~(-1),平均丰度为(278.9±529.1)n·kg~(-1);夏季微塑料平均含量(0.031 7±0.077 8)g·kg~(-1),平均丰度为(277.1±395.6)n·kg~(-1),利用配对样品T检验法发现春夏两季沉积物中微塑料的含量(N=22,t=-0.269,P=0.791)与丰度(N=22,t=0.035,P=0.973)无明显相关差异性.根据形状将研究区域沉积物中的微塑料分为纤维、薄膜和颗粒这3种类型,相应占比分别为52.9%、 28.9%和18.2%.粒径统计结果表明,绝大部分微塑料的粒径小于1 mm,可占总数量的83.9%,微塑料主要为聚乙烯和聚丙烯且表面严重风化.人流量大、车流量大和水上活动多的区域污染较为严重,揭示了湖泊沉积物微塑料的空间分布与人类活动的密切相关性.大气沉降(纤维类)、地表径流、衣服洗涤(纤维类)、湖内大塑料降解和渔业活动(渔网、发泡类)等为湖泊沉积物中微塑料的主要来源. 相似文献