我国东部浅水湖泊水生态效应特征

为探究我国东部浅水湖泊生态系统的时空异质性及其演替的响应指标,基于东部浅水湖泊长时间序列（1986-2014年）的监测数据,分析了不同湖泊类型的水质和浮游植物群落分布特征,并综合运用稳态转换理论和典范对应分析方法（CCA）,研究了富营养化湖泊浮游植物群落的演替特征以及响应因子.结果表明:①从水系上看,太湖水系湖泊的水质最差,ρ（TP）、ρ（TN）和ρ（Chla）最高,分别为（0.276±0.606）（3.563±1.430）mg/L和（14.801±10.117）μg/L,SD（透明度）为（0.486±0.272）m;从水文连通性上看,湖泊的水质为通江湖泊>非通江湖泊>阻隔湖泊.②空间分布上,湖口以下干流浮游植物密度最高,为2.674×107 L-1.蓝藻门为东部浅水湖泊的优势种群,密度最高达1.897×107 L-1,绿藻门和硅藻门次之,黄藻门最少,仅为3.951×103 L-1.③东部浅水湖泊生态系统演替发生在ρ（Chla）为5.21~10.57 μg/L阈值范围内.④以东部典型湖泊-太湖为例,浮游植物群落分别在1997-1998年和2000-2001年两个时间梯度达到最大值.EC（电导率）和ρ（TN）是影响太湖浮游植物群落分布的显著因子.研究显示,随着东部浅水湖泊水质恶化,浮游植物群落结构特征发生突变,导致其生态系统发生演替,预防东部浅水湖泊生态系统演变应严控EC和ρ（TN）.      

湖泊群的生态修复与开发利用研究初探——以武汉东西湖区湖泊群为例

由于人口压力巨大,我国湖泊退田还湖总量有限.笔者从可持续发展的角度,提出大城市郊区现有的湖泊和湖泊群,应将主要功能转变为调节城市生态环境质量和发挥其在景观美学上的作用.笔者以武汉东西湖为例,对湖泊的生态修复和景观美学建设提出了具体建议.      

城市浅水湖泊治理技术初探

随着生态文明建设的发展,城市浅水湖泊在城市环境中的角色日益重要,环境治理需求日益迫切.针对城市浅水湖泊的污染特征进行了概括总结,并对污染来源进行了分析.根据污染特征及因素针对性提出了“外源性污染、内源性污染控制阶段-水体水质改善与生态系统恢复阶段-长效管理阶段”三个阶段的治理思路,并就各阶段常用的治理技术进行了简单介绍,作为城市浅水湖泊治理工作的参考.     

利用流式细胞仪分选技术研究湖泊真核超微藻的遗传多样性

利用流式细胞仪分选技术及PCR、构建基因克隆库的方法初步调查了冬季太湖、玄武湖、紫霞湖真核超微藻的遗传多样性及影响因子,以揭示3个湖泊真核超微藻的差异,更全面地了解不同湖泊浮游藻类的群落结构.结果表明不同湖泊真核超微藻多样性存在明显差异,玄武湖以隐藻(Cryptophyta)为主,紫霞湖优势种为隐藻,还有少量金藻(Chrysophyta),太湖真核超微藻多样性较为丰富,有金藻、隐藻、硅藻(Bacillariophyta)、绿藻(Chlorophyta),且不同湖区也有差异.梅梁湾N2点以金藻为主,贡湖湾N4点隐藻、硅藻、绿藻数量相当,但发现较多真菌,靠近大湖区的W2点多样性最为丰富,4种藻均有发现.不同湖泊真核超微藻多样性与环境因子的冗余分析表明,总磷含量与其多样性显著相关.     

Current Status of Mathematical Models for Population Dynamics of Prymnesium parvum in a Texas Reservoir1

Grover, James P., Jason W. Baker, Daniel L. Roelke, and Bryan W. Brooks, 2010. Current Status of Mathematical Models for Population Dynamics of Prymnesium parvum in a Texas Reservoir. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):92-107. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00393.x Abstract: Blooms of the harmful alga Prymnesium parvum have apparently increased in frequency in inland waters of the United States, especially in western Texas. A suite of mathematical models was developed based on a chemostat (or continuously stirred tank reactor) framework, and calibrated with data from Lake Granbury, Texas. Inputs included data on flows, salinity, irradiance, temperature, zooplankton grazing, and nutrients. Parameterization incorporated recent laboratory studies relating the specific growth rate of P. parvum to such factors. Models differed in the number of algal populations competing with P. parvum, and whether competition occurred only by consumption of shared nutrients, or additionally through production of an allelopathic chemical by one of the populations, parameterized as cyanobacteria. Uncalibrated models did not reproduce the observed seasonal dynamics of P. parvum in Lake Granbury, which displayed a maximum population in late February during a prolonged bloom in cooler weather, and reduced abundance in summer. Sensitivity analyses suggested two modifications leading to predictions that better resembled observations. The first modification greatly reduces the optimal temperature for growth of P. parvum, an approach that disagrees with laboratory experiments indicating a strong potential for growth at temperatures above 20°C. The second modification increases the growth rate of P. parvum at all temperatures, in models including cyanobacterial allelopathy. Despite these adjustments, calibrated models did not faithfully simulate all features of the seasonal dynamics of P. parvum.     

长江中下游湖泊超微型真核藻类遗传多样性研究

用流式分选结合末端限制性片段长度多态性的方法对长江中下游30个湖泊中超微型真核藻类的遗传多样性进行了研究,以了解不同环境条件下超微型真核藻类多样性的分布规律及其影响的主要因子.长江中下游湖泊大都已富营养化,但超微藻的群落组成差异仍然很大,T-RFLP分析共发现197个T-RFs,有45%的T-RFs(89个)仅在不到3个湖泊中检测到,聚类分析中各湖相似度均低于80%.中营养水平湖泊中多样性指数较高,总氮浓度与超微型真核藻类群落结构显著相关(P=0.006),CCA分析中,第一轴与第二轴共解释了10.0%的超微型真核藻类群落组成的变化.本研究表明,湖泊中超微型真核藻类群落组成的环境异质性明显,其多样性与湖泊营养水平密切相关,此外其它非生物因素对其群落组成也可能存在重要影响.     

EvolutionofJianghanLakesandregionalsustainable development

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Lake Water Levels and Associated Hydrologic Characteristics in the Conterminous U.S.

Establishing baseline hydrologic characteristics for lakes in the United States (U.S.) is critical to evaluate changes to lake hydrology. We used the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Lakes Assessment 2007 and 2012 surveys to assess hydrologic characteristics of a population of ~45,000 lakes in the conterminous U.S. based on probability samples of ~1,000 lakes/yr distributed across nine ecoregions. Lake hydrologic study variables include water‐level drawdown (i.e., vertical decline and horizontal littoral exposure) and two water stable isotope‐derived parameters: evaporation‐to‐inflow (E:I) and water residence time. We present (1) national and regional distributions of the study variables for both natural and man‐made lakes and (2) differences in these characteristics between 2007 and 2012. In 2007, 59% of the population of U.S. lakes had Greater than normal or Excessive drawdown relative to water levels in ecoregional reference lakes with minimal human disturbances; whereas in 2012, only 20% of lakes were significantly drawn down beyond normal ranges. Water isotope‐derived variables did not differ significantly between survey years in contrast to drawdown. Median E:I was 20% indicating that flow‐through processes dominated lake water regimes. For 75% of U.S. lakes, water residence time was less than one year and was longer in natural vs. man‐made lakes. Our study provides baseline ranges to assess local and regional lake hydrologic status and inform management decisions in changing environmental conditions.     

Levels and congener profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Zebra mussels (D. polymorpha) from Lake Maggiore (Italy)

Several congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were monitored in 14 different sampling stations of Lake Maggiore, the second largest Italian lake in regard to surface, volume and average depth, using the sentinel-organism Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Results revealed a moderate contamination with summation operatorPBDE levels (BDE-17, -28, -47, -66, -71, -85, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183, -190 and -209) ranging from 40 to 447ngg(-1) lipid weight which are similar to those found in environments polluted by deposition or atmospheric transport. The general order of decreasing congener contribution to the total load was BDE-47>-99>-100>-209, which closely reflected patterns observed in mussels collected in freshwater ecosystems worldwide.     

基于湖北省12个中小型湖泊的水环境遥感监测应用示范

以《湖北省水环境遥感监测示范系统》为数据处理平台,对2012—2014年湖北省大东湖水网、梁子湖水系和汤逊湖水系共计12个湖泊的水质类别以及营养状态级别进行遥感监测,并对比实测数据进行精度评价。结果表明:遥感监测的梁子湖、豹澥湖和严西湖水质相对较好,杨春湖、北湖和南湖水质相对较差且富营养化状况较为严重。该系统能很好地实现对水质优良达标湖泊以及富营养化湖泊的识别。对示范区域各湖泊水质类别和营养状态级别的遥感监测,基本上能满足业务化运行的需求。个别湖泊遥感监测精度较低,主要表现为遥感监测的湖泊水质类别和营养状态级别均要优于实测的结果。系统对于面积相对较大的湖泊遥感监测精度更高。