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311.
Colleen Burch Johnson T.J. Sullivan D.J. Buck 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(3):565-572
ABSTRACT: Topographic maps are commonly used to define populations of lakes in regional surveys of surface water quality. To illustrate the effect of different maps on that process, we compared the lakes represented on the 1:250,000-scale maps used for the Northeast Region of the Eastern Lake Survey—Phase I (ELS-I) to the lakes on a sample of large-scale maps (1:24,000 or 1:62,500). Lake areas at or near the lower limit of representation delimited “smallest-lake” values for the compared 1:250,000-scale maps. The regional median for these values was 4.5 hectares (ha) and ranged from 0.6 to 24.8 ha. Lake representation is influenced by cartographic limitations such as map scale, age, and complexity as well as the inherent variability of waterbodies (e.g., water level fluctuations or the creation of reservoirs, beaver impoundments, and oxbows). The total number of lakes on large-scale maps increased markedly as lake area decreased. Approximately 15,700 of the estimated 29,000 lakes in the EPA's Northeast Region were 1 to 4 ha in area. Because maps affect the size distribution of lakes included in a regional survey and because lake areas are thought to modify lake chemistry, maps ultimately affect the estimates of regional surface water quality. 相似文献
312.
Since the climax of eutrophication in the early 1980s mainly greater lakes have been investigated and monitored in terms of their nutrient charge. In the future there will still be a need to develop guidelines for monitoring the trophic status of smaller lakes. Four small lakes were investigated by the author in the years 1996 and 1997. In order to define the nutrient charge of those lakes more precisely, special emphasis has been put upon the two criteria diatoms and macrophytes. Eventually an evaluation of the lakes' catchment areas will also be an important component of these studies. Benthic diatoms are the main part of periphyton. As unicellular fast reproducing organisms they are excellent indicators for trophic situations in lakes. The diatom index denotes the trophic status of the littoral zone during the last few weeks before sampling. The macrophytes, however, reflect the nutrient charge over a longer period, i.e. several years. The macrophyte index is based on the fact that some species are most prevalent at certain nutrient loads. The effort to combine these two indication systems carries a high resolution of spatial nutrient changes as well as in temporally changes. 相似文献
313.
314.
Nine lakes in the Arkhangelsk oblast were analyzed with respect to their morphometry, hydrology, and hydrochemistry, and their zooplankton was studied for three years. The data on zooplankton abundance, biomass, the ratio of filter-feeders and predators, the Shannon index of species diversity, and average individual weight of zooplankters were obtained. Differences in the structure of zooplanktonic cenoses were revealed in lakes differing in morphometric parameters, prevailing ions (HCO3
–, SO4
2–), and their concentration. 相似文献
315.
利用沉积物磷吸附指数(PSI)和磷吸附饱和度(DPS)研究了北京前海(QH)、青年湖(QNH)、昆明湖(KMH)、紫竹院湖(ZZYH)、陶然亭湖(TRTH)、红领巾湖(HLJH)表层沉积物的磷吸附容量,分析了沉积物中磷的吸附饱和度(DPS)与其他指标的相关关系,并讨论了不同城市湖泊沉积物中磷的潜在释放风险.结果表明:6湖沉积物的PSI为14.9~83.3 (mg×L)/(100g·μmol),平均值为34.6 (mg×L)/(100g·μmol);DPS为7.97 %~50.5 %,平均值28.9 %,PSI与DPS显著负相关.PSI与草酸铵提取的磷、铝(Pox,Alox)含量均为显著负相关,草酸铵提取的铁(Feox)是影响PSI的主导因素.DPS与沉积物中草酸铵提取的磷(Pox)含量显著正相关,主要受沉积物中原有吸附态磷的影响.此外,磷释放风险指数(ERI)计算结果表明QH、QNH、ZZYH、TRTH中的表层沉积物磷潜在释放诱发富营养化的风险均为高度风险. 相似文献
316.
317.
Evaluation of biological water purification functions of inland lakes using an aquatic ecosystem model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An effective measure to cope with eutrophication of lakes is to remove nutrients that can cause algal blooming by taking advantage of natural water purification processes. Here the term “purification” is defined, in a wide sense, as the potential role of a water body to contribute to the reduction of pollutants and thus controlling eutrophication. Also regarded as a kind of ecological regulating services, biological purification involves various processes concerning seasonal nutrient fixation, such as uptake by aquatic macrophytes, biofouling onto foliage substrates, feeding by organisms in higher trophic level, and eternal loss or removal of substance from the water. In order to evaluate the water purification ability, a numerical lake ecosystem model highlighting the role of macrophyte colonies in the shore zone was developed and applied to Lakes Suwa, Kasumi and Biwa, as well as five small lakes attached to Lake Biwa. 相似文献
318.
319.
人类活动对安庆沿江湖泊湿地影响的初步研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
湖泊湿地不仅具有丰富的资源,还有着强大的环境功能和生态效益。人类大规模的开发利用湖泊湿地资源,在获取大量生产、生活资料的同时,也给湖泊湿地生态系统带来了负面影响,如湖面减少,水质下降,生态环境退化等。安庆沿江湖泊湿地为省级自然保护区,相对长江中下游大湖普遍退化而言,该湿地有着良好的自然性,正吸引着有关专家和研究组织的重视和关注。对安庆沿江湖泊湿地资源和功能展开分析,并从水利建设、围湖垦殖、森林砍伐和水土流失、农业污染、公路建设及渔业开发等方面探讨了人类活动对湿地的影响。提出了保护安庆沿江湖泊湿地资源和环境的建议和对策,以促进湿地资源与环境的可持续发展。 相似文献
320.
Rognerud S. Grimalt J. O. Rosseland B. O. Fernandez P. Hofer R. Lackner R. Lauritzen B. Lien L. Massabuau J. C. Ribes A. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(2):209-232
High concentration of Hg, less volatile PCB congeners and p,p-DDE in Arctic charr from an arctic lake was mainly causedby biomagnification in the food chain where cannibalism was thedriving force. We suggest that low sediment fluxes of Hg, low net production of methyl mercury, and short food chains excludingpiscivory explain the low levels of Hg in the invertebrate feeding fish population in five European high mountain lakes.Concentrations of less volatile PCB congeners in insectivorous fish populations from the European high mountain lakes were mainly influenced by fish age and atmospheric deposition, indicated by the sediment inventory. Atmospheric deposition influenced by local sources may explain the higher concentrationsof pesticides (p,p-DDT, p,p-DDE and -HCH) observedin fish from the Pyrenees compared to the other sites. Theconcentrations of Hg and organochlorines did not exceedthe guidelines for fish consumption, except for Hg levelsin the oldest fish from the arctic lake. 相似文献