Effects of ground-level ozone (O_3) pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat in the Yangtze River Delta

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎＣｈｉｎａ ,ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｐｉｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｕｎｐｒｅｃｅｄｅｎｔｅｄｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｌａｎｄｕｓｅ ,ａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｏｆＮＯｘａｎｄＶＯＣｓｈａｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｄｏｕｂｌｅｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐａｓｔ 11ｙｅａｒｓａｎｄｒｅａｃｈｅｓｔｈｅｓａｍｅｌｅｖｅｌａｓＵＳＡａｎｄＥｕｒｏｐｅ(Ｅｌｌｉｏｔｔ,1997) .Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔ,ｔｈｅｇｒｏｕｎｄ ｌｅｖｅｌＯ3ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔ…     

新疆阿吾拉勒山地区晚石炭世科古琴山组的确认

新疆阿吾拉勒山地区石炭纪地层分布于阿布热勒山及塔尔得套南麓。本文系统论述了新疆阿吾拉勒山地区晚石炭世科古琴山组的层序、宏观特征、古生物化石及沉积环境。根据新发现的角度不整合界面及古生物化石资料，佐证了该区存在晚石炭世晚期科古琴山组。     

Collagen biosynthesis in cell culture from chorionic villi

After chorionic villus biopsy of human placenta, cell cultures were propagated with Ham's F10 medium or Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM). It was possible to study the morphology of the cells by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after a special culture of the cells in a collagen gel. The cells embedded in a collagen gel were able to contract the gel and to organize collagen fibres, as fibroblast cultures do. TEM showed vacuolization and well-developed cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, especially in the case of MEM culture. The aim was to determine whether cells cultivated from early placenta were able to synthesize enough collagen for a metabolic study. A high level of collagen biosynthesis could be quantified. Types I and III collagen can be determined which is useful for studying the abnormalities of collagen synthesis in suspected cases of osteogenesis imperfecta or Ehlers–Danlos type IV syndrome. The hydroxylation of lysine can also be studied with respect to Ehlers–Danlos type VI syndrome. Moreover, these cells, in contrast to fibroblast cultures, made it possible to study the biosynthesis of type IV collagen.     

Amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity in cultured cells: A deficiency in type III glycogenosis with prenatal studies

Deficiency of amylo-1,6–glucosidase activity was expressed in parallel in liver and skin fibroblasts from a patient with type III glycogenosis. In crude extracts of control liver and muscle, amylo-1, 6–glucosidase (M.W. 164000) was identified by immunoprecipitation; no cross-reacting material was found in the patient's liver. Assay of amylo-1,6–glucosidase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts from the affected family revealed less than 10 per cent of control value in mutant homozygous cells whereas in cells from the parents, activity was reduced to 40–60 per cent of the control value. Activity in cultured amniotic fluid cells was similar to that of control fibroblasts. In cultured amniotic fluid cells obtained during the mother's subsequent pregnancy, the normal amylo–1,6–glucosidase activity measured, predicted correctly the outcome of this pregnancy prior to the 20th week of gestation.     

北京地区渗灌条件下冬小麦田间土壤水分动态及节水机理的研究

根据对渗灌条件下冬小麦田间土壤水分、冬小麦生长发育状况及产量的观测 ,研究了渗灌条件下冬小麦田间土壤水分动态及节水机理。试验结果表明 ,渗灌条件下田间土壤水分动态变化与灌溉、冬小麦生长发育状况及气象条件密切相关 ;渗灌用于冬小麦灌溉可以明显起到节约灌溉用水的作用 ,并有利于冬小麦的生长发育及产量形成。在冬小麦的整个生育期 ,采用渗灌比喷灌田间耗水量减少了44 4mm ,灌溉用水节约了1200m3/hm₂ ,而最终产量提高了714kg/hm₂ ,渗灌条件下作物水分利用效率为21 11kg/(hm₂·mm) ,比喷灌条件下高4 49kg/(hm₂·mm)。渗灌用于冬小麦灌溉的节水机理主要表现为两个方面 :①每次灌溉后 ,地表湿度较喷灌条件下要小得多 ,减小了土壤水分的无效物理蒸发 ;②渗灌利于冬小麦根系向地中供水层 (20～120cm )延伸 ,提高了冬小麦根系对灌溉供水层的水分利用     

Scientific collectives in region-building processes

During the last 30 years, growing demand for science-based policy making has contributed to the mobilization of scientific cooperation alongside transnational political arrangements for addressing environmental issues. Following the contemporary trend toward regionalizing environmental policy and practice, many of these scientific joint efforts have focused on a regional scale. This article examines regional scientific cooperation in the context of the institutionalization of mountain regions in Europe. Such cooperation can be observed from the Pyrenees to Central Asia, albeit with a degree of variation that largely remains unexplored in scientific research. Sometimes scientific cooperation served to lay the groundwork of a mountain policy initiative, other times it appeared in its wake; some examples appear as loose networks of individual scientists, others are set up as formalized monitoring and observation centers; finally, some scientific joint efforts are formally linked to, or incorporated in a mountain policy initiative, while others are largely independent. The article proposes a new typology for understanding the interactions between regional scientific mobilization and regional policy making and provides up-to-date portraits of six main cases.     

规模化牛场废水灌溉对土壤水分和冬小麦产量品质的影响

通过田间小区试验,设置不同的牛场废水灌溉次数,研究了冬小麦牛场废水灌溉过程中土壤水分和冬小麦产量品质的变化特征,结果表明,灌溉牛场废水土壤水分迁移和土壤贮水量与灌溉清水无显著差别,水质对土壤水分变化影响很小;冬小麦生育期内分别灌溉牛场废水2、3和4次与正常施肥灌溉施肥相比,冬小麦产量和灌溉水生产效率提高,分别提高了4.61%、6.48%、6.63%,4次牛场废水灌溉冬小麦产量略有下降,这说明灌溉牛场废水次数过多会对冬小麦造成一定的负面影响;牛场废水灌溉次数越多冬小麦籽粒中蛋白质质量分数越高,分别提高了2.50%、5.83%、8.03%,而全磷质量分数则有降低趋势。综合考虑,冬小麦生育期内牛场废水灌溉次数不应高于3次。