天津市工业污染源污染状况分析

为了掌握天津市工业污染源污染状况,对2010年天津市各区县工业污染源进行调查统计。结果表明,2010年天津市各区县工业废水入河量共计6556.79万t,COD入河量共计9656.67t,氨氮入河量共计1939.87t。大沽排污河中污染物COD和氨氮的排入量最大,分别为5783.56t和1274.87t。滨海新区COD等标污染负荷值和氨氮等标污染负荷比均最高,分别为50.49%和56.34%;东丽区、西青区、蓟县、宁河县的COD和氨氮等标污染负荷比也较高。因此在进行水环境管理时,应对这些区县作为核心管理对象。     

3D finite element modeling and analysis of radial forging processes

This paper presents a novel 3D finite element model for the radial forging process with consideration of mandrel. As different with the previous works, the proposed model captures more accurately the features of the radial forging process. The proposed model is validated. With the proposed model, a comprehensive analysis of the deformation for the tube is presented. The contributions of the present work are: (1) a full 3D finite element model which captures more features of the radial forging process than the models in literature, (2) a proof that a full 3D finite element model is needed, (3) a proof of the effectiveness of the spring bar in stabilizing the contact between the hammer die and work-piece, and (4) the spindle speed has little effect on forging load. Finally, this model can be well used for the analysis and comprehensive understanding of the radial forging process and optimization of the process in future.     

人口密集多网并汇区油气管道的安全性与可靠性分析

介绍了油气管道运行安全现状,阐述了我国多网并汇区域形成的原因,揭示在灾害性载荷下的腐蚀事故及其次生灾害是我国人口密集区多网并汇管道安全性和可靠性管理的重点和难点,其主要灾害性载荷形式是腐蚀环境和第三方作用,且第三方载荷通常以加速腐蚀的形式发生作用,使油气管道的安全隐患与日俱增,为此,提出了相关建议。     

丹东市区环境空气质量综合评述

通过对环境空气各项污染因子时间及空间变化趋势的分析,结合环境管理相关政策综合评述近年来丹东市区环境空气质量,分析变化原因,提出防止空气污染建议。     

近20年来广东省农业面源污染负荷时空变化与来源分析

广东省农业面源污染负荷产生量大,对区域生态环境造成严重影响.采用清单分析法分析了近20年(1999～2019年)广东省农业面源污染负荷时空变化特征,探讨了农业面源污染的来源情况,并分析了农业生产投入强度、农业面源污染负荷和农业面源污染指标的关系.结果表明,近20年广东省农业面源污染总负荷下降6.08%,其中化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的污染负荷增幅分别为-11.88%、 4.99%和26.17%,耕地化肥和农药投入强度分别上升112.19%和60.38%.珠三角地区是广东省农业面源污染负荷最高的地区,其次分别是粤北、粤西和粤东地区.畜禽养殖是COD的主要来源,化肥和畜禽养殖是TN的主要来源,畜禽养殖和水产养殖是TP的主要来源,且水产养殖污染物排放占比呈现出明显上升趋势.不同区域的污染物来源存在一定差异,粤西、粤北和粤东地区COD和TP主要来源是畜禽养殖,TN的主要来源是化肥;珠三角地区水产养殖业成为TN和TP污染负荷的主要来源.广东省面源污染负荷总量下降主要源于城镇化水平的提高和农村人口比例减少.总体而言,广东省面源污染存在时间阶段性变化与空间差异,应当采取全面治理...     

基于多模态信息融合的心理负荷评估*

为了相对稳定地识别人员是否处于心理负荷状态,设计并实施含能材料起爆作业心理负荷诱导试验。首先对心理负荷诱导情况进行判断,然后分别采集27名被试在静息状态和实施含能材料撞击起爆作业状态下的眼动、心率变异性（HRV）和脑电信号（EEG）,通过正态性检验和假设检验获得心理负荷表征指标并进行统计功效分析,依据表征指标,采用支持向量机（SVM）和随机森林（RF）算法建立多模态信息融合的心理负荷评估模型,最后采用被试工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）分析各模态组合和分类器的心理负荷识别性能。研究结果表明:双模态（眼动+EEG）下SVM算法和3模态下RF算法评估性能和稳健性较高,多模态信息组合具有优异的识别效果。     

Sitting Posture,Postural Discomfort,and Visual Performance: A Critical View on the Interdependence of Cognitive and Anthropometric Factors in the VDU Workplace

The study focuses on individual and standard visual display unit (VDU) workplaces with respect to performance and muscular load. Three different work settings were realized: The workplace was either adjusted to individual preferences or to the European standard. The third condition mirrored exactly the individual setting, however participants were told that it was set according to another standard. Dependent variables were visual performance in a search task, the rated muscular load, and individual preferences. Results show that both individual work settings yielded a superior performance as compared to the standard. However, performance and muscular comfort improved when participants knew they had adjusted the workplace. Apparently, VDU users follow a intuitive rationale adjusting their work setting minimizing muscular load and optimizing performance.     

Influence of trunk muscle activity and stability in front and back holding

Purpose. A tandem carrying style is often used in the workplace, but carrying approaches are different for two people because of the holding load in the tandem posture. To understand these carrying styles, this study aimed to investigate the patterns of muscle activity and stability of the trunk influenced by front and back holding of a heavy load. Methods. Electromyography data of eight trunk and two hip muscles, as well as displacements of the trunk, were recorded for analysis while subjects stood statically holding a handle in the front and back of the body with and without load. Results. Without load, muscle activities during front holding mirrored those during back holding. With load, greater muscle activities were observed in the dorsal muscles of the trunk and lesser activities were noted in the ventral muscles in the two holding styles. More frequencies of trunk oscillations occurred in front holding with and without load. Conclusions. The results revealed that back holding of load created more stability of the upper body, whereas front holding resulted in more instability of the trunk.     

沸石负载型TiO2处理炼化反渗透浓缩水的研究

利用沸石负载型二氧化钛对炼化企业的反渗透浓缩水进行研究,考察了催化剂对浓缩水的处理效果及影响降解的因素。由实验结果可知:沸石负载型二氧化钛对反渗透浓缩水TOC降解率达到67.4%,降解浓缩水的最佳条件为:pH值为4～6,温度30～40℃,光照时间2.5h,催化剂投加量为1.5g/L。实验为浓缩水处理技术的发展提供了新的依据。     

A CFD based explosion risk analysis methodology using time varying release rates in dispersion simulations

A full probabilistic Explosion Risk Analysis (ERA) is commonly used to establish overpressure exceedance curves for offshore facilities. This involves modelling a large number of gas dispersion and explosion scenarios. Capturing the time dependant build up and decay of a flammable gas cloud size along with its shape and location are important parameters that can govern the results of an ERA. Dispersion simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are generally carried out in detailed ERA studies to obtain these pieces of information. However, these dispersion simulations are typically modelled with constant release rates leading to steady state results. The basic assumption used here is that the flammable gas cloud build up rate from these constant release rate dispersion simulations would mimic the actual transient cloud build up rate from a time varying release rate. This assumption does not correctly capture the physical phenomena of transient gas releases and their subsequent dispersion and may lead to very conservative results. This in turn results in potential over design of facilities with implications on time, materials and cost of a project.In the current work, an ERA methodology is proposed that uses time varying release rates as an input in the CFD dispersion simulations to obtain the fully transient flammable gas cloud build-up and decay, while ensuring the total time required to perform the ERA study is also reduced. It was found that the proposed ERA methodology leads to improved accuracy in dispersion results, steeper overpressure exceedance curves and a significant reduction in the Design Accidental Load (DAL) values whilst still maintaining some conservatism and also reducing the total time required to perform an ERA study.