Hunting, law enforcement, and African primate conservation

Abstract: Primates are regularly hunted for bushmeat in tropical forests, and systematic ecological monitoring can help determine the effect hunting has on these and other hunted species. Monitoring can also be used to inform law enforcement and managers of where hunting is concentrated. We evaluated the effects of law enforcement informed by monitoring data on density and spatial distribution of 8 monkey species in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. We conducted intensive surveys of monkeys and looked for signs of human activity throughout the park. We also gathered information on the activities of law‐enforcement personnel related to hunting and evaluated the relative effects of hunting, forest cover and proximity to rivers, and conservation effort on primate distribution and density. The effects of hunting on monkeys varied among species. Red colobus monkeys (Procolobus badius) were most affected and Campbell's monkeys (Cercopithecus campbelli) were least affected by hunting. Density of monkeys irrespective of species was up to 100 times higher near a research station and tourism site in the southwestern section of the park, where there is little hunting, than in the southeastern part of the park. The results of our monitoring guided law‐enforcement patrols toward zones with the most hunting activity. Such systematic coordination of ecological monitoring and law enforcement may be applicable at other sites.     

烧结机尾及整粒除尘系统除尘器“电改袋”

叙述某烧结厂3套烧结机尾及整粒除尘系统的电除尘器改造为长袋低压脉冲除尘器的设计及工程实例。介绍原电除尘器存在的缺陷、“电改袋”具体措施、主要设备选型以及除尘系统运行数据测试结果等方面的问题。除尘系统可靠运行已2年,各项技术指标始终保持优良状态。     

用数模表述分析远距离污染源对土壤环境的影响

在以哈密红星皮革厂铬鞣废水中的重金属污染物（铬）对土壤污染影响的调查分析中,就远距离污染源对环境影响的关系用试验公式作了研究表述就,选出了较为适宜的数学模型,就污染物含量与污染源距离的关系进行了分析。     

大变形隧道长短锚杆支护机理及设计应用

以常用锚杆支护理论为依托,根据锚杆的受力特点,分析了大变形隧道长短锚杆各自的支护机理,提出了其参数的设计方法,并通过算例计算和数值模拟验证的方式对其合理性进行了验证.结果表明,大变形隧道长短锚杆组合支护中,短锚杆加固浅部围岩形成承载拱结构,长锚杆将浅部承载拱结构稳定到深部围岩,两者联合支护有效地控制了隧道的大变形,支护方式有救,参数设计方法合理,保证了隧道的支护效果,对隧道支护设计具有重要的工程参考意义.     

Using an individual-based model to quantify scale transition in demographic rate functions: Deaths in a coral reef fish

Scientifically informed population management requires quantitatively accurate demographic rate functions that apply at the spatial scale at which populations are actually managed, but practical constraints confine most field measurements of such functions to small study plots. This paper employs an individual-based population growth model to extrapolate the death rate function in a well-studied coral reef fish, the bridled goby Coryphopterus glaucofraenum, from the scale of coral reef “cells” at which it was measured to the larger scale of an entire coral reef. Density dependence in the whole-reef function actually proves stronger than in the local function because high goby density occasionally arises in local patches with few refuges from predators, producing very high mortality there. This IBM-based approach extends the reach of scale transition theory by examining considerably more realistic models than standard analytical methods can presently handle.     

Fragmentation profiles for real and simulated landscapes

When a natural landscape is represented by a series of categorical raster maps of varying resolution, a multiresolution characterization of spatial pattern can be obtained in which entropy is computed at each resolution conditional on the next coarser resolution. The series of entropy values is plotted as a function of resolution, resulting in a multiresolution profile of fragmentation pattern in the landscape. If a categorical raster map is available at a single resolution only, a series of degraded maps at increasingly coarser resolutions is generated and the fragmentation profile is computed for this series. An algorithm has been developed for obtaining the profile directly from the single resolution map without having to generate and store the coarser resolution maps. A hierarchical stochastic model is described for simulating categorical raster maps and the fragmentation profile of the generating process is obtained in terms of the model parameters. These process profiles provide benchmarks for assessing empirical profiles obtained from raster maps of actual landscapes. Methods of the paper are applied to several watersheds of Pennsylvania using landcover maps derived from satellite imagery. These examples indicate that characteristic landscape types induce characteristic features in their fragmentation profiles.     

Reactive shock and detonation propagation in U-bend tubes

The objective of the research outlined in this paper was to provide new experimental and computational data on initiation, propagation, and stability of gaseous stoichiometric propane–air detonations in tubes with U-bends. Extensive experimental and computational studies with the tube 51 mm in diameter with U-bends of two curvatures and two different shock-wave generators were performed. Numerical simulations of the process were used to reveal the salient features of the accompanying phenomena.     

A COMPARISON OF SOME DYNAMIC,LINEAR AND POLICY ITERATION METHODS FOR RESERVOIR OPERATION1

Within the past few years, a number of papers have been published in which stochastic mathematical programming models, incorporating first order Markov chains, have been used to derive alternative sequential operating policies for a multiple purpose reservoir. This paper attempts to review and compare three such mathematical modeling and solution techniques, namely dynamic programming, policy iteration, and linear programming. It is assumed that the flows into the reservoir are serially correlated stochastic quantities. The design parameters are assumed fixed, i.e., the reservoir capacity and the storage and release targets, if any, are predetermined. The models are discrete since the continuous variables of time, volume, and flow are approximated by discrete units. The problem is to derive an optimal operating policy. Such a policy defines the reservoir release as a function of the current storage volume and inflow. The form of the solution and some of the advantages, limitations and computational efficiencies of each of the models and their algorithms are compared using a simplified numerical example.     

大型气候环境实验室上部运输系统的方案设计

目的设计出满足气候环境实验室的上部运输系统。方法根据国内外实验室上部运输系统的设计经验,结合实际使用情况,设计出满足实验室使用条件的上部运输系统方案。结果设计出的上部运输系统直接参与各环境试验的运输、吊装工作,满足气候实验室的环境条件,且具有安全可靠、便于操作维护等特点。结论设计出的上部运输系统满足气候环境实验室的使用要求。