Fossil carbon emissions associated with carbon flowsof wood products

Specific fossil carbon (C) emissions and primary energy useassociated with the manufacture of different wood product groups inFinland are estimated and expressed as emissions or energy use per amountof wood-based C in raw material and per amount in end product. Thecalculation includes both emissions from supplied fuels within the forestindustries, and from electricity and district heat purchased from externalsources. The results are compared to fossil C emissions from the wholelifecycle of harvested wood products. The results of the study show, forinstance, that the emission of fossil C per wood-based C in end products(MgC/MgC) is of the order of 0.07 for sawn wood and 0.3–0.6 for paperin the manufacturing stage. The primary energy use per wood-based C inend product is of the order of 2 MWh/MgC for sawn wood, whereas forvirgin paper grades the figure is between 17 and 19 MWh/MgC. Theprimary energy content is highest in papers based on chemical pulping, butaround 60% of the energy used is produced in this case from by-productwood wastes (black liquor, bark etc.). The specific fossil C emission andprimary energy divided by the estimated service life of the wood productare measures for the relative burden of maintaining the corresponding woodproduct pool. These figures should be kept in mind when considering woodproducts as a potential C sink option.     

异形闭合件弯曲成形模的设计与制造

根据一种异形闭合件的产品要求 ,对其弯曲工艺作了具体分析 ,克服了技术难点 ,设计制造了一套简单实用的弯曲成形模 ,达到了产品质量要求 ,也为类似形状制件的弯曲成形模的设计提供了一种新方法     

装备制造企业华宏科技助推我国再生资源产业化发展

江苏华宏科技股份有限公司是国内物资回收加工机械生产的龙头企业,业内唯一的上市公司。介绍了华宏科技“十一五”以来的主要成就及“十二五”以后的发展愿景,华宏公司为我国循环经济全面推进和再生资源产业化发展做出积极贡献。     

高性能旋转式采气泵的研制

介绍大气采样泵的高性能技术要求、生产和使用现状及高性能旋转式气泵的研制。     

Dissipation of carbofuran and carbaryl on Oolong tea during tea bushes,manufacturing and roasting processes

Carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol-N-methylcarbamate) and carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) are insecticides widely used in tea plantations. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the dissipation of carbofuran and carbaryl during the growth periods of Oolong tea, processing and roasting. Analysis of the residual insecticides was carried out using high-pressure liquid chromatography with a post-column fluorescence detector. Results showed that in the tea field carbofuran dissipated faster then carbaryl. Manufacturing processes of Oolong tea further reduced the carbofuran and carbaryl contents. The persistence of carbofuran and carbaryl was decreased with increasing roasting temperature. From the results, we conclude that the presence of carbofuran and carbaryl in tea can be reduced by proper field management, manufacturing and roasting processes.     

Carbon weight analysis for machining operation and allocation for redesign

The objective of this research paper is to explore and develop a new methodology for computing carbon weight (CW) – often referred to as carbon footprint, in manufacturing processes from part level to assembly level. In this initial study, we focused on machining operations, specifically turning and milling, for computing CW. Our initial study demonstrates that CW can be computed using either actual measured data from process level information or from initial material and manufacturing process information. In mechanical design, tolerance analysis principles extend from design to manufacturing and tolerances accumulate for parts and processes. By extending this notion to CW, we apply mechanical tolerancing principles for computing worst case and statistical case CW of a product. We call this the CW tolerance approach (CWTA). Two case studies demonstrate the computation of CW. Based on the tolerance allocation concepts; CW allocation is also demonstrated through specific redesign examples. CWTA helps in identifying carbon intensive parts/processes and can be used to make appropriate design decisions.     

UASB-AS工艺处理啤酒废水

采用UASB－AS组合工艺处理啤酒废水，其UASB单元可降解废水中大部分有机物，减轻了后续好氧工艺的负荷，也降低了运行能耗与费用；AS工艺可确保系统出水的达标排放。实践表明，UASB－AS系统具有运行稳定、费用低、抗冲击负荷强等优点。     

大型现代化城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设备本土化的必要性与主项分析

城市生活垃圾焚烧厂的高额投资大部分用于设备费用 ,本土化是降低设备费用的有效方法。在此分析大型现代化城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设备本土化的必要性 ,确认焚烧锅炉、控制与监测系统、三废处理设备、热力发电系统是焚烧发电设备本土化重点项目 ,证实大型现代化城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设备本土化可靠、可行 ,并具有巨大经济效益     

制药装备对药品生产安全的影响

本文结合制药装备贯彻国家2010版《药品生产质量管理规范》(GMP)要求,对既是药品生产重要手段,又是不可忽视的污染因素之一的制药装备,从确保药品安全和药品生产质量的设计角度浅析,启发制药装备功能与结构的研发思路。     

An exploration of the potential for re-distributed manufacturing to contribute to a sustainable,resilient city*

Abstract

Re-distributed manufacturing (RDM), broadly described as manufacturing done at a smaller-scale and locally, could be beneficial to business and urban society through creating jobs, reducing the environmental impacts of production, and improving resilience to future disturbances. Consideration of RDM within a city-region requires the consideration of a wide range of issues – societal, technical, economic and environmental. This paper presents the results of a study into the potential for RDM to contribute to a sustainable, resilient city in the face of a range of expected future disturbances on the city and on manufacturing sectors. The study took an integrated assessment approach which incorporated the development of a conceptual framework; a ‘strawman’ causal loop diagram which was reviewed by participants in a workshop; and a stock and flow system dynamics model that represents our understanding about the structure and behaviour of urban manufacturing. Several key themes emerged: similarities between RDM and traditional manufacturing, availability of physical space for RDM to be done, achieving urban resilience through RDM by enabling responsiveness to disturbances, changes in environmental impacts from production, additions or losses in jobs, the competitiveness of local manufacturing, and skills and innovation for RDM technologies. Further work is recommended.