沱江水中有机污染物的定性分析

本文通过对沱江河水有机污染物的富集,洗脱,用色一质联机定性检测出５６例有机物。结果表明：沱江水质的有机污染仍很严重,治理工作仍需加强。     

半经验生物滴滤器模型研究

生物滴滤(BTF)净化有机废气是一个复杂的过程,其数学模型往往形式繁琐、参数众多,实际应用比较困难.半经验生物滴滤模型是基于生物酶促反应基本原理(米-门方程),并在含苯废气的生物滴滤净化动态实验和生物膜静态实验等研究的基础上建立和完善的一个应用模型.为了符合生物滴滤器内的实际状况,在建模过程中引入了微生物质量浓度沿床层深度变化的函数等合理假设.模型的检验采用将静态实验所得参数代入模型计算,并与生物滴滤动态实验结果进行对比的方法.检验结果表明:在较宽的负荷、表观过滤气速范围内,该模型对滴滤器的模拟值均较符合实验值.该模型的数学形式简单,参数也较少,且主要参数,如生物膜最大净化速率,K值及微生物质量浓度分布等均可通过生物膜静态实验测得.      

溶解氧对分段进水生物脱氮工艺的影响

采用分段进水生物脱氮工艺处理生活污水.设置0.9,0.6,0.4,0.3m³/h4组曝气量,相应的好氧区溶解氧(DO)浓度约为2.8,1.7,0.8,0.5mg/L左右.结果表明,在好氧区DO为0.5mg/L左右的低氧条件下,通过对系统进行适当的控制,可以取得较好的硝化效果,氨氮去除率可达98%以上.同时,由于低曝气量下混合液从好氧区到缺氧区携带的DO量减少,并且在好氧区发生了同步硝化反硝化作用,使得TN去除效果明显优于高曝气量的情况.另外,由于工艺结构的特点,分段进水生物脱氮系统可长期在低氧条件下运行,且污泥沉降性能良好.     

Ecophysiological Responses of Larix sibiricaLedeb. and Pinus sibiricaDu Tour Undergrowth to Climate Change

The effects of probable climate change—an increase in atmospheric CO₂(by two times), air temperature, precipitation—on CO₂exchange and temperature dependence of net photosynthesis in the larch and Siberian stone pine undergrowth formed in the light larch forests of West Siberia were studied in chambers with an artificial climate. The change of the aforementioned ecological factors caused an increase in the temperature optima of photosynthesis and the range of optimum temperatures (in the case of Siberian stone pine, to a slightly greater degree). Therefore, the ranges of both species may broaden, and the Siberian stone pine can expand to the north, displacing larch tree stands.     

烟尘浓度分布对二次扬尘影响的探讨

电除尘器内电场断面烟尘浓度呈非均匀性分布,它是产生振打二次扬尘的重要原因之一,通过改善电场内部气流分布状况和使用出口向上的出气箱,可以减少振打二次扬尘,从而达到电除尘器高效除尘的目的。     

金川二矿区不良岩层采场巷道片帮冒顶事故树分析

金川矿区是典型的高地应力矿区。矿区构造极为发育 ,围岩稳定性极差 ,使采矿生产存在事故隐患。针对采场巷道顶板围岩或充填体的片冒事故 ,考虑人、机、环境 ,确定三种不同条件下片冒事故的影响因素 ,进行事故树分析 ,计算事故的最小割集、径集以及影响因素的重要度系数 ,为预防片冒事故提供了重要的理论依据     

负载型催化剂光催化氧化五氯苯酚钠的效果

研究以TiO₂ 为基本活性组分、空心玻璃珠为载体、硅酸钠为粘合剂的负载型催化剂的制备技术 .选取五氯苯酚钠 (PCP-Na)为处理对象 ,结合对催化剂比表面和晶型结构的表征 ,对制备的催化剂进行筛选评价 .实验结果表明 :在适当的条件下 (二氧化钛、空心玻璃珠、40%硅酸钠溶液重量比为 4∶20∶2,650℃下烧 3h)所制备的C3型催化剂不仅光催化活性高 ,且负载牢固 ,易与水分离 .对初始COD_Cr=400mg·L^-1,PCP-Na=10mg·L^-1的反应液 ,在光照强度为 30kW·m^-2下 2hCOD_Cr去除率大于 65% ,PCP-Na去除率大于 92%.试验进一步探讨C3型催化剂投加量、反应液初始浓度、供氧量对催化反应的影响 .     

PM2.5 chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust, vegetative burning, geological material, and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995

PM_2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm) chemical source profiles applicable to speciated emissions inventories and receptor model source apportionment are reported for geological material, motor vehicle exhaust, residential coal (RCC) and wood combustion (RWC), forest fires, geothermal hot springs; and coal-fired power generation units from northwestern Colorado during 1995. Fuels and combustion conditions are similar to those of other communities of the inland western US. Coal-fired power station profiles differed substantially between different units using similar coals, with the major difference being lack of selenium in emissions from the only unit that was equipped with a dry limestone sulfur dioxide (SO₂) scrubber. SO₂ abundances relative to fine particle mass emissions in power plant emissions were seven to nine times higher than hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) abundances from geothermal springs, and one to two orders of magnitude higher than SO₂ abundances in RCC emissions, implying that the SO₂ abundance is an important marker for primary particle contributions of non-aged coal-fired power station contributions. The sum of organic and elemental carbon ranged from 1% to 10% of fine particle mass in coal-fired power plant emissions, from 5% to 10% in geological material, >50% in forest fire emissions, >60% in RWC emissions, and >95% in RCC and vehicle exhaust emissions. Water-soluble potassium (K⁺) was most abundant in vegetative burning profiles. K⁺/K ratios ranged from 0.1 in geological material profiles to 0.9 in vegetative burning emissions, confirming previous observations that soluble potassium is a good marker for vegetative burning.     

应用化学质量平衡模型解析烟台市污染源的排放贡献率

根据烟台地区污染排放特点,应用化学质量平衡模型（CMB8）进行污染源解析分析,得出每个污染源对于受体地区颗粒物体样本的排放贡献率。最终的模型结果显示,建筑尘和居民烯煤锅炉排放,海洋尘和冶炼厂排放对于大气环境污染也有一定的贡献,以上分析可以为城市污染源治理提供一定的依据。     

宣化城区大气TSP浓度特征及来源分析

以宣化区大气环境监测数据为基础,评价了宣化城区非采暖期和采暖期TSP污染的现状,分析了TSP污染的日变化特征.根据X荧光分析测定的TSP元素成分,采用因子分析法探讨了TSP污染的来源.宣化城区TSP在非采暖期以冶金行业排放为主要来源,采暖期则以燃煤为主要来源.最后,针对污染物来源提出了城区TSP污染控制对策.