我国触电防护基础理论和观念存在问题剖析

触电形式、触电防护措施、供电系统的选择属于触电防护的基本问题.就触电形式而言,存在分类不完整、不同分类之间缺乏联系等问题,从触电相关导电体着手,提出了多层次系统化触电形式分类方法.就触电防护措施而言,就IEC最新标准由“平面式”分类转向“立体式”分类的深层意义进行了解读,并对“立体式”分类方法仍存在的问题进行了分析,提出了改进建议;指明我国翻译制定的等同标准未能充分体现IEC“立体式”分类方法的真正用意.就供电系统选择而言,“只能借用过流保护装置完成漏电保护”时代已经结束,建议我国从标准层面上放弃对TN供电系统的推荐,积极推广TT系统.     

建设全国环境优美乡镇,开创环境保护新局面

简述了楚雄市鹿城镇基本状况和创建指标完成情况,叙述了环境优美乡镇可持续发展的方案和措施,并做了可达性分析.     

浅谈东胜地区餐饮业污染的成因及解决措施

阐述东胜地区存在的污染及目前东胜区采取的措施和本人的几点看法。     

扑救森林火灾时如何防止人员伤亡

主要阐述了在扑救森林火灾时出现人员伤亡的主要原因、主要地段和环节，以及如何防止事故发生，如何自救等问题。     

Development of a method to predict crash risk using trend analysis of driver behavior changes over time

Objective: This study aimed at identifying and predicting in advance the point in time with a high risk of a virtual accident before a virtual accident actually occurs using the change of behavioral measures and subjective rating on drowsiness over time and the trend analysis of each behavioral measure.

Methods: Behavioral measures such as neck bending angle and tracking error in steering maneuvering during the simulated driving task were recorded under the low arousal condition of all participants who stayed up all night without sleeping. The trend analysis of each evaluation measure was conducted using a single regression model where time and each measure of drowsiness corresponded to an independent variable and a dependent variable, respectively. Applying the trend analysis technique to the experimental data, we proposed a method to predict in advance the point in time with a high risk of a virtual accident (in a real-world driving environment, this corresponds to a crash) before the point in time when the participant would have encountered a crucial accident if he or she continued driving a vehicle (we call this the point in time of a virtual accident).

Results: On the basis of applying the proposed trend analysis method to behavioral measures, we found that the proposed approach could predict in advance the point in time with a high risk of a virtual accident before the point in time of a virtual accident.

Conclusion: The proposed method is a promising technique for predicting in advance the time zone with potentially high risk (probability) of being involved in an accident due to drowsy driving and for warning drivers of such a drowsy and risky state.     

Identification methods of key contributing factors in crashes with high numbers of fatalities and injuries in China

Objectives: In China, serious road traffic crashes (SRTCs) are those in which there are 10–30 fatalities, 50–100 serious injuries, or a total cost of 50–100 million RMB (U.S.$8–16 M), and particularly serious road traffic crashes (PSRTCs) are those that are more severe or costly. Due to the large number of fatalities and injuries as well as the negative public reaction they elicit, SRTCs and PSRTCs have become of great concern to China during recent years. The aim of this study is to identify the main factors contributing to these road traffic crashes and to propose preventive measures to reduce their number.

Methods: 49 contributing factors of the SRTCs and PSRTCs that occurred from 2007 to 2013 were collected from the database “In-depth investigation and analysis system for major road traffic crashes” (IIASMRTC) and were analyzed through the integrated use of principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering to determine the primary and secondary groups of contributing factors.

Results: Speeding and overloading of passengers were the primary contributing factors, featuring in up to 66.3 and 32.6% of accidents, respectively. Two secondary contributing factors were road related: lack of or nonstandard roadside safety infrastructure and slippery roads due to rain, snow, or ice.

Conclusions: The current approach to SRTCs and PSRTCs is focused on the attribution of responsibility and the enforcement of regulations considered relevant to particular SRTCs and PSRTCs. It would be more effective to investigate contributing factors and characteristics of SRTCs and PSRTCs as a whole to provide adequate information for safety interventions in regions where SRTCs and PSRTCs are more common. In addition to mandating a driver training program and publicization of the hazards associated with traffic violations, implementation of speed cameras, speed signs, markings, and vehicle-mounted Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are suggested to reduce speeding of passenger vehicles, while increasing regular checks by traffic police and passenger station staff and improving transportation management to increase income of contractors and drivers are feasible measures to prevent overloading of people. Other promising measures include regular inspection of roadside safety infrastructure and improving skid resistance on dangerous road sections in mountainous areas.     

通用航空公司安全运行保障能力未确知测度分析

通用航空公司安全运行保障能力是通用航空公司可持续健康发展的前提条件,是实现民航"两翼齐飞"的重要基石。根据通用航空公司安全运行保障能力较为低下的现状,以通用航空公司为例,基于日常运行状况和特点,结合现场调研结果,从人员、机械设备、环境、管理4方面提出了通用航空公司安全运行保障能力指标体系,鉴于其运行具有不确定性、模糊性和复杂性等特点,构建通用航空公司安全运行保障能力未确知测度分析模型,对其安全运行保障能力的水平进行评估,并与公司评估小组的评估结果进行对比,发现:模型计算所得到的安全运行保障能力等级与实际情况相符合,确定了通用航空公司今后应重点加强专业化人员培养、设备及时更新和设备维护等方面的工作。     

临沧市农村饮用水源地水质现状及环境保护

由于农村生活、农业生产过程等污染,临沧市农村饮用水源地水质现状不容乐观。为保障农村饮用水安全,应加强农村饮用水源地的环境调查,尽快科学划分饮用水源保护区,完善饮用水环境基础设施建设及水质监测制度,严格执法、强化环境监管。     

锦州城市声环境现状及控制对策

利用噪声环境监测资料,计算分析了锦州市区声环境现状。结果表明：对锦州市区声环境的影响以社会生活噪声和交通噪声为主。提出了深入推进＂畅通工程＂,敏感区道路严格执行＂禁鸣＂规定,市内敏感区的新、改、扩建项目严格执行＂三同时＂审批制度,黑白铁、铝合金加工作业挪入室内等方案控制噪声污染。     

活动板房火灾事故的事故树分析

本文运用安全系统工程方法,对彩钢板活动房火灾事故进行了事故树分析,找出了引起火灾事故发生的各个因素,并提出了预防该类事故发生的相应措施。