浅议白云山酸雨现状与发展趋势

通过对广州白云山1994～2004年10年降水监测结果分析及其对白云山酸雨现状调查,分析酸雨产生的原因和发展趋势,并对控制和降低酸雨污染提出建议.     

元江干热河谷环境变迁与适应对策研究

元江是我国著名的干热区，当前的独特生态环境是由自然环境变化和人类活动作用共同影响而形成的。经过区域发展的纵向分析比较，不同时期的环境变化与适应对策都具有特异性，正确的社会行为适应、生产与技术适应是区域特色产业建设和可持续发展的重要保障。     

废水测流堰槽设计方案探讨

分别计算了一般情况和特殊情况时工厂废水的流量 ,以及各种型式堰槽的测流和排水能力。通过分析比较 ,确定上部全幅堰与下部侧收缩堰相结合的方式是废水测流堰槽的最佳设计方案。     

水陆交错带土壤氮素空间分异规律研究——以月亮泡水陆交错带为例

研究了氮素在水陆交错带的水平和垂直分异规律。结果表明表层土壤氮素水平分异显著高于下层（NH4^ －N除外）且随水分梯度分异；表层土壤各形态氮素含量基本上呈由近水体向高岗地带递减的分异趋势；但下层土壤氮素分异因形态不同而异，NO3^-－N含量由中间带向两侧递减，NH4^＋－N变异方向则与表层变异相反，K－N、OR－N与TN分异趋势相似且与表层变异一致；NO3^-－N因具有迁移性和易淋失性而使其空间分异最为显著；NH4^ －N较稳定，易被土壤胶体所吸附不易向下淋失，空间分异程度最小；K－N、OR－N与TN垂直分异趋势也具相似性；水陆交错带湿地土壤中的氮素含量与SOM和TP密切相关，而pH值对氮素分异的影响则不太显著。     

华北平原典型农业区土壤甲烷通量研究

利用静态箱法原位测定了华北农田不同施肥处理夏玉米和冬小麦生长季土壤甲烷的通量。结果表明 ,施肥农田夏玉米和冬小麦生长季甲烷通量分别为 -79.8和 -2 1.6μg·(m2 ·h) - 1 ,年平均通量为 -4 3 .1μg·(m2 ·h) - 1 。未施肥农田夏玉米和冬小麦生长季甲烷通量分别为 -110 .0和 -88.2 μg·(m2 ·h) - 1 ,年平均通量为 -95 .2 μg·(m2 ·h) - 1 。在不同生长季 ,各处理农田土壤甲烷通量均为负值 ,即土壤为大气甲烷的吸收“汇” ,在各个生长季施肥农田对甲烷的吸收量均低于未施肥农田 ,各处理冬小麦生长季土壤对CH4 的吸收量均低于同一处理的夏玉米生长季的吸收量 ;各处理甲烷通量具有较明显的季节变化 ,5月上旬至 9月中旬 ,土壤的甲烷吸收能力较强 ,其他时间吸收量较低 ;施肥土壤约比未施肥土壤对甲烷的氧化吸收能力降低 2 7%～ 76% ;试验区域内较大降水在一定时期内促进了土壤对甲烷的氧化     

Monitoring and assessment of daily exposure of roadside workers to traffic noise levels in an Asian city: a case study of Bangkok streets

Four noise monitoring sites were strategically established to evaluate average noise level and audiometric assessment at various traffic zones of Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). During the monitoring period, noise levels were found to be 72.8–83.0 dBA during day time and 59.5–74.5 dBA during night time. The finding also indicated that traffic noise levels depend on distance from roadside, diurnal variation and character of the traffic and street configuration. Audiometric measurement of 4000 persons was carried by four major hospitals in Bangkok to study the relationship between traffic noise exposure of groups of people working in the streets and hearing loss. Four different categories of occupational people, i.e., drivers, street vendors, traffic officers and dwellers were selected and were further classified into age groups (16–25, 26–35, 36–45 and 46–55 years old) to monitor the traffic noise induced hearing loss throughout their everyday lives. The control group was deliberately chosen to screen out the effects of traffic noise. According to the audiometric investigation, it was revealed that hearing capacity of the daily noise exposure groups living in the three urban sites (Yaowarat Road, Din Daeng Road and Ratchaprarop Road) were noticeably poorer than those who were living in suburban site (Phahonyothin Road). It was noted that the mean hearing threshold level (HTL) of the 16–25 years old groups were found to have better hearing capacity than those older adults of 46–55 years old. In particular the mean HTL dropped at the frequency of 4000 Hz. Among the occupational population who were living in the urban monitoring sites, the driver groups were found to have the highest risk of traffic noise induced hearing loss.     

Meteorological normalisation and non-parametric smoothing for quality assessment and trend analysis of tropospheric ozone data

Despite extensive efforts to ensure that sampling and installation and maintenance of instruments are as efficient as possible when monitoring air pollution data, there is still an indisputable need for statistical post processing (quality assessment). We examined data on tropospheric ozone and found that meteorological normalisation can reveal (i) errors that have not been eliminated by established procedures for quality assurance and control of collected data, as well as (ii) inaccuracies that may have a detrimental effect on the results of statistical tests for temporal trends. Moreover, we observed that the quality assessment of collected data could be further strengthened by combining meteorological normalisation with non-parametric smoothing techniques for seasonal adjustment and detection of sudden shifts in level. Closer examination of apparent trends in tropospheric ozone records from EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) sites in Finland showed that, even if potential raw data errors were taken into account, there was strong evidence of upward trends during winter and early spring.     

太原市气悬颗粒物上多环芳烃的测量与分布研究

2 0 0 1年 3月下旬 ,在太原市建成区均匀布设 1 5个网格点 ,利用新型便携式仪器 ,连续 5天监测了各点大气颗粒物上多环芳烃 (PPAHs)的浓度。结果表明 ,PPAHs浓度范围为 3 6ng/m3～ 3 1 3 ng/m3;全市上下午平均浓度为 1 3 9ng/m3;上午浓度平均值是下午的 2倍 ;全市空间分布整体上由北向南逐渐降低 ,东北部最重 ,东南部最轻 ;不同功能区的污染程度依次为 :一电厂化工区 >太钢工业区 >桃园商业区 >太行居民区。本文还着重探讨了污染分布的成因 ,并提出了改善大气质量的建议。     

Seasonal Variation in Bacterial Flora of the Wastewater and Soil in the Vicinity of Industrial Area

Environmental pollution is one of the major problems being facedtoday due to the advent of extensive industrialization. Heavy metals are the most important contaminants in wastewater that are present in abundance and are toxic. Heavy metal contentsof sewage in the industrial estate of Aligarh (U.P.) have beendetermined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The analysisof samples collected from six different locations revealedsignificantly high levels of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni. Certainbacteriological (Total bacterial count, Total coliform, Fecal coliform, and Fecal Streptococci) parameters of domestic and industrial sewage as well as soils were monitored from March1990 to January 1993. Total bacterial count, total coliform,fecal coliform and fecal streptococci were found to be lowestin all the samples of industrial wastewater compared to thosein domestic sewage and soil systems. The soil however, contained highest total culturable bacterial population. In view of the common practice of the application of sewage to agricultural land in the neighbouring area, the discharge ofindustrial wastewater without proper treatment into public sewers should be strictly prohibited.     

活性炭吸附-二硫化碳解吸-气相色谱法测定气态苯系物的实验室间比对分析研究

主要报告了全国24个环境监测实验室利用气态苯系物标准样品开展实验室间测量比对研究的结果,并提出了一套结果比较的统计评价方法.