An improved vehicle-pedestrian near-crash identification method with a roadside LiDAR sensor

Problem: Potential conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles represent a challenge to pedestrian safety. Near-crash is used as a surrogate metric for pedestrian safety evaluations when historical vehicle–pedestrian crash data are not available. One challenge of using near-crash data for pedestrian safety evaluation is the identification of near-crash events. Method: This paper introduces a novel method for pedestrian-vehicle near-crash identification that uses a roadside LiDAR sensor. The trajectory of each road user can be extracted from roadside LiDAR data via several data processing algorithms: background filtering, lane identification, object clustering, object classification, and object tracking. Three indicators, namely, the post encroachment time (PET), the proportion of the stopping distance (PSD), and the crash potential index (CPI) are applied for conflict risk classification. Results: The performance of the developed method was evaluated with field-collected data at four sites in Reno, Nevada, United States. The results of case studies demonstrate that pedestrian-vehicle near-crash events could be identified successfully via the proposed method. Practical applications: The proposed method is especially suitable for pedestrian-vehicle near-crash identification at individual sites. The extracted near-crash events can serve as supplementary material to naturalistic driving study (NDS) data for safety evaluation.     

Beyond demographic identities and motivation to learn: The effect of organizational identification on diversity training outcomes

There is a pressing need for better explanations of diversity training effectiveness so that organizations can administer training programs that facilitate positive intergroup interactions. In this paper, we consider the unique predictive effect of organizational identification on diversity training outcomes beyond the effects of the traditional predictors of demographic-based identities and motivation to learn across two samples of employees involved in diversity-related training at their employing organizations. Organizational identification predicted unique variance in voluntary participation in diversity training, diversity training-related knowledge application, motivation to transfer diversity training, and diversity training-related organizational citizenship behavior intentions. Research and practitioner implications are discussed based on our findings.     

一株甲醛降解真菌Aspergillus spp.H4的分离鉴定

甲醛是一种广泛使用和很重要的化工原材料,但它同时也是对大多数生物有机体有高毒性的物质。通过添加甲醛的选择性培养基从淤泥里分离了一株甲醛耐受真菌,将其接种于加孟加拉红的PDA培养基、察氏培养基、麦芽汁培养基平板培养,观察它的培养特征和孢子结构,结合DNA提取、PCR扩增、产物测序、GenBank比对等分子鉴定手段,结果表明:其培养特征、显微特征和黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)相似,18SrDNA序列与黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)同源率达99.8%。我们把它命名为Aspergillus flavus H4。该真菌最适生长pH值为pH5.5,在培养的144h内ρ(甲醛)从1241mg·L-1下降到4mg·L-1。在培养的96h内ρ(甲醛)下降迅速,A值上升缓慢,当ρ(甲醛)下降到10mg·L-1时,也就是120h时,A值迅速上升,ρ(甲醛)下降缓慢。结论是这株Aspergillus flavus H4是甲醛耐受(降解)真菌。     

高产黑色素菌株的分离及鉴定

对从土壤中分离出的321株菌株进行了筛选,得到1株高产胞外黑色素的菌株,比较了其在不同培养基上产黑色素的能力.初步确定该菌株为链霉菌属.该菌黑色素产量高,约为0.70g/L,在产黑色素的微生物中,链霉菌可以作为一类新的菌种资源.图2表1参15     

Secondary metabolism — evolution and function: Products or processes?

Summary The distinguishing characteristics of secondary metabolism and its associated metabolites are outlined. Current theories relating to the function of secondary metabolism in plants and micro-organisms are enumerated and the view that consideration of the processes rather than the products may best explain the origins of secondary metabolism is discussed.     

Courtship display by great frigatebirds, Fregata minor: an energetically costly handicap signal?

We used detailed time-budget observations, mark-resight data, and doubly labeled water estimates of energy expenditure to test whether energy spent on courtship display by male frigatebirds functions as a sexually selected handicap signal. During a 2-day period of time budget observations, males displayed on average 29.5% of the time (range 0–100% for 15 different males), and this value was correlated with an index of season-long display effort. Season-long display effort was strongly predictive of pairing success. Average field metabolic rate (FMR) during the 2-day time budget period was 676.5 kJ/day (range 464.8–1035.0), substantially lower than the mass-specific FMR predicted from studies of other seabirds during incubation or chick-rearing. Despite a low overall FMR, display effort could function as an energetic handicap, either if FMR correlates positively with the amount of courtship performed or if high-quality males display at a high rate because they pay a lower energy cost per unit of display than do low-quality males. We found no relationship between FMR and display rate, despite good power for doing so. We also did not find a significant difference in energy spent divided by courtship time for males that were or were not chosen by females (inferred to be high- and low-quality males, respectively), though the medians differed in the predicted direction (preferred males having lower relative costs than non-preferred males) and the confidence interval on the difference between groups was very wide. Thus, we found evidence that male courtship effort is predictive of pairing success, we rejected one mechanism by which energetic cost of display could function as a handicap, and our test of the alternate energetic handicap mechanism was equivocal.     

一些硝化细菌的分离与鉴定

采用硝化细菌选择培养基从土壤、污水中筛选获得了 10株细菌 (X0 1～X10 ) ,经革兰氏染色及生理生化鉴定均为革兰氏阴性菌 ,呈杆状或球状 ,均能够利用亚硝酸盐 .电镜观察发现 ,这 10株细菌均具有比较复杂的细胞膜结构 ,与报道的硝化细菌所特有的膜结构相同 .对硝化细菌的特征性基因norB进行检测结果表明 ,所有菌株均可扩增出该基因 .初步判断所筛选的细菌为硝化细菌 ,依据《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》进行分类 ,主要为硝化杆菌、硝化球菌和硝化刺菌属等 .图 3表 4参 15     

嗜盐光合细菌的分离鉴定及其营养成分分析

从大连海岸的海泥中分离到 4株海洋光合细菌 :菌株C4 10、菌株DS2、菌株E3 和E4,它们都能在厌氧光照下营光异养生长 ,菌株C4 10还能够利用还原性硫化物营光自养生长 .依菌对NaCl的需求 ,菌株C4 10、DS2归属于嗜盐光合细菌 ,菌株E3 和E4属于耐盐光合细菌 .根据形态和培养特征、生理生化特征、光合作用内膜结构、泛醌组成、(G +C)的摩尔百分比等指标 ,菌株C4 10鉴定为Rhodovulumsulfidophilus (嗜硫小红卵菌 )、菌株DS2鉴定为Rhodobiummarinum (海红菌 )、菌株E3 和E4鉴定为Rhodobacterazotoformans.4株菌的营养成分分析表明 ,它们的细胞的最大生长量为 4× 10 9mL-1.粗蛋白含量占细胞干重的 5 5 %左右 ,菌株DS2高达 6 4 .2 % .4菌株所含氨基酸种类齐全 ,特别具备人和动物所必需的氨基酸 .4株菌均含有辅酶Q10和类胡萝卜素 .其中菌株C4 10的类葫萝卜素含量最高 .图 1表 6参 14     

NONLINEAR MODELING AND PREDICTION OF A RIVER FLOW SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: Model estimation and prediction of a river flow system are investigated using nonlinear system identification techniques. We demonstrate how the dynamics of the system, rainfall, and river flow can be modeled using NARMAX (Nonlinear Autoregressive Moving Average with eXogenuous input) models. The parameters of the model are estimated using an orthogonal least squares algorithm with intelligent structure detection. The identification of the nonlinear model is described to represent the relationship between local rainfall and river flow at Enoree station (inputs) and river flow at Whitmire (output) for a river flow system in South Carolina.     

用油品的物理特性鉴别海面的溢油源

建立了用油品的物理特性鉴别海面溢油源的分析方法。主要对海面溢油风化过程中溢油的运动粘度和折射率的变化进行了探讨。结果表明 ,在所给出的多个油种的风化过程中 ,油种间的运动粘度变化存在着明显的差异。随着风化时间的延长 ,原油的运动粘度随着风化时间的延长而显著增加 ,重质燃料油虽略有递增却很不明显 ;轻质燃料油和润滑油的运动粘度均在缓慢地增加。润滑油和燃料油的折射率无明显的变化。运动粘度法鉴别溢油的准确度较高 ,其准确率可达 10 0 %。