区域大气重污染过程识别指标及算法研究

重点区域秋冬季大气重污染应对是大气污染防治工作的重中之重,但针对区域大气重污染过程尚无明确、统一的判定依据,给空气质量管理造成不便.以京津冀大气污染传输通道"2+26"城市为研究对象,依据秋冬季大气重污染过程的区域性特征,以及"发生—发展—消散"的演变规律,将区域内3个及以上相邻城市至少 1d空气质量达到重污染水平判定...     

滇池高效聚磷菌Rhodococcus sp.H的分离鉴定及除磷特性研究

采用混合稀释平板法,从富营养化湖泊底泥滇池中分离出1株高效聚磷菌,经分子生物学鉴定,推测其为红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.),将其命名为Rhodococcus sp.H,并对菌株H在不同理化因素条件下的生长及除磷特性进行了研究。结果表明,该菌株在接种培养24 h后即能完成对数增长期,在pH值为6~7、温度为30℃时能获得较高生物量和除磷率,最佳碳源为乙酸钠和乙醇,最佳氮源为牛肉膏和蛋白胨。当温度高于35℃或低于15℃、p H值高于9或低于5时,菌株的生长会受到明显抑制,除磷率较低。同时研究表明,该菌株的生长会影响其生长环境基质的p H值,在一定范围内具有较强的p H值调节能力。该菌株能够有效利用乙酸钠和乙醇等小分子碳源获得较大生物量和较高的除磷效率,但是不能将铵盐作为唯一的氮源来利用。     

Technological reviews of particulate matter and their source identification techniques

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the primary pollutants produced from mining operations. This paper summarizes the existing techniques used to identify sources of PM and their contribution to ambient air pollution. Human health studies indicate that there is an association between airborne PM and adverse health effects. Particularly in coal mining areas, the burning of coal and PM from machinery operations cause low air quality that is physically harmful. Thus, the sources of smoldering combustion, that are typical in coal mine burns, increase the risk to mine workers who are exposed to high concentrations of known toxicity associated with PM. Recent studies on the modeling of PM concentration profiles across various sources were reviewed for this paper.     

Future prediction & estimation of faults occurrences in oil pipelines by using data clustering with time series forecasting

The world of oil pipelines is subjected to serious issues due to occurrences of toxic spills, explosions and deformations like particle deposition, corrosions and cracks due to the contact of oil particles with the pipeline surface. Hence, the structural integrity of these pipelines is of great interest due to the probable environmental, infrastructural and financial losses in case of structural failure. Based on the existing technology, it is difficult to analyze the risks at the initial stage, since traditional methods are only appropriate for static accident analyses. Nevertheless, most of these models have used corrosion features alone to assess the condition of pipelines. To sort out the above problem in the oil pipelines, fault identification and prediction methods based on K-means clustering and Time-series forecasting incorporated with linear regression algorithm using multiple pressure data are proposed in this paper. The real-time validation of the proposed technique is validated using a scaled-down experimental hardware lab setup resembling characteristics exhibited by onshore unburied pipeline in India. In the proposed work, crack and blockages are identified by taking pressure rise and pressure drop inferred from two cluster assignment. The obtained numerical results from K-means clustering unveils that maximum datasets accumulated range of multiple pressures are within 16.147–10.638 kg/cm², 14.922–12.1674 kg/cm², 2.7645–1.2063 kg/cm² correspondingly. Hence by this final cluster center data, inspection engineers able to estimate the normal and abnormal performance of oil transportation in a simple-robust manner. The developed forecast model successfully predicts future fault occurrences rate followed by dissimilarity rate from clustering results holds the validity of 91.9% when applied to the historical pressure datasets. The models are expected to help pipeline operators without complex computation processing to assess and predict the condition of existing oil pipelines and hence prioritize the planning of their inspection and rehabilitation.     

淮河流域水污染防治的框架研究

1994年淮河流域发生特大水污染事件引起了各方面的极大关注。笔者介绍了淮河流域水污染的背景;指出了治理淮河流域水污染的总体框架及各组成部分之间的关系;分析了淮河流域环境问题识别评估的主要结论;归纳了强化管理能力建设,制订实施细则,调整和建设排污收费和监测系统,以及治理工程项目的研究内容。      

3株油脂化工废水降解菌的分离鉴定

本研究从油脂化工废水处理装置中分离到３ 株降解脂肪酸和脂肪胺的功能菌,所筛选菌株对油脂化工生产废水有较好降解能力,其中 Ｆ Ａ２ 菌株对 Ｃ１８ 烯酸和 Ｃ１８ 伯胺作用４８ ｈ 的降解率分别为８８ ．８ ％ 和８２ ．３ ％ ．３株细菌分别归类于葡萄球菌属（ Ｓｔａｐｈｙｌｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ） 和棒状菌群     

废水中硝基酚类化合物生物降解的研究进展

硝基酚是一类重要且常用的化工原料,一些硝基酚毒性大且难以生物降解,被美国环保局列入“优先控制污染物名单”。在自然环境条件下,硝基酚的生物降解速率缓慢,导致硝基酚在环境中长期滞留和积累。分析了人工强化条件下废水中硝基酚的生物降解性能,主要从具有降解硝基酚能力的微生物、硝基酚的厌氧生物降解性、硝基酚的好氧生物降解性和硝基酚的共基质代谢降解方面进行了较全面的综述,讨论了该研究当前仍存在的一些问题和研究展望。     

土地利用规划的生态满意度评价与环境影响分析

摘 要： 土地利用总体规划的环境影响包括对传统环境影响评价要素的影响及对区域人-地系统的影响。土地利用总体规划中的刚性方案与弹性方案的环境影响有着不同的表现形式,它们使得土地利用规划的环境影响评价变得更为复杂。鉴于土地利用总体规划这一环境影响评价对象的特殊性,提出了土地利用总体规划环境影响分析与生态满意度评价的方法。根据仙桃市土地利用总体规划方案,识别了各种污染源。在MAPGIS支持下进行了面域分析与空间统计处理,预测了规划实施后主要环境指标的变化;根据预测的规划实施后的生态指标变化,进行生态满意度评价。结果表明：规划区预测生态满意度值为7485,生态环境总体处于良好水平,但水污染还比较严重,应该加强治理,固体废物无害化处理也应该得到重视。土地利用总体规划环境影响评价存在着诸多不确定性,评价过程中应根据规划内容与区域差异选择合适的指标建构生态满意度评价体系。     

一株高效脱硫菌的分离鉴定和脱硫特性研究

从污水净化厂二沉池回流污泥中分离到一株硫杆菌菌株dj-5,该菌株是一种兼性厌氧菌,通过生理生化特性鉴定,并结合16S rDNA序列分析及鉴定,该菌株可以确定为脱氮硫杆菌（Thiobacillus denitrificans）。该菌株的生长曲线表明菌体生长迅速,延滞期约为8 h,然后细菌进入对数生长期,这一阶段持续时间大约20～24 h,稳定期较短,细菌很快进入衰亡期。通过脱硫工艺实验考察了pH值、温度和搅拌速度对脱硫率和菌体生长的影响,结果表明,在进气量180 L/h、pH=6～8、温度为25～35℃和搅拌速度为270 r/min时,该菌株能正常生长,对进气浓度高达2 500 mg/m³的硫化氢脱除率在91%以上。     

BAF反应器中氨化细菌的筛选与氨化特性分析

以BAF反应器中的生物膜为接种物,分离筛选得到2株氨化细菌,分别命名为A1、A2。通过形态学特征观察、生理生化特性分析及氨化性能进行表征,初步鉴定A1为变形杆菌属（Proteus）,A2为微球菌属（Micrococcus）。生态影响因子实验确定菌株氨化过程主要影响因素是温度、初始pH、投菌量。在30℃、初始pH值7．0,接种量5％的最佳运行条件下,A1、A2两株氨化细菌对有机氮分解效率分别达到86．91％、69．98％。所分离的2株氨化细菌对于高浓度有机氮工业废水的生物降解有一定的应用价值。