某电镀厂六价铬污染土壤还原稳定化试剂筛选与过程监测

针对目前国内进行六价铬污染土壤修复过程关键性控制参数相对缺乏,且中长期稳定性效果相对较差等问题.选取北方某电镀厂六价铬污染严重的表层土壤,使用5组还原试剂进行还原稳定化试验,同时通过在线ORP(氧化还原电位)测试仪在线监测和定期取样测试,探索不同还原剂的反应效率和最终效果.其中试剂4对六价铬的还原稳定化率最高,基本上均在99.5%以上,六价铬浓度最低可达到2.4 mg·kg~(-1);从反应速率来看试剂1和4反应速率最快.反应过程的ORP、pH值监测数据也出现较大的区别,其中第1组土壤样品整个过程中ORP始终处于-400 m V左右;第4组反应在30 h以后,由-200m V逐步升高并稳定在100 m V左右.从反应体系中的pH值变化情况来看,唯一使土壤pH保持在7左右的是试剂4.综合判断试剂4(多硫化钙和亚铁盐复配试剂)的综合还原效果最佳.以试剂4为基础进行单独放大试验,通过ORP和电导率两个关键参数的变化情况发现还原反应过程大概需要160 h,从而为后期实际土壤修复过程中控制还原土壤的养护条件和过程监控提供理论支撑.     

兴仁高砷煤矿区溪流水系环境中砷自然净化的初步研究

为了解矿山环境中砷的自然净化能力及其净化机制,对兴仁典型高砷煤矿区溪流水系环境进行采样分析。结果表明,研究区水体和沉积物中砷含量从上游到下游均呈不断降低的变化趋势,水体显示较强的自净能力。上游水体中砷含量的降低主要是吸附沉淀作用,而溪流的简单稀释作用在下游也显得非常重要。     

昌吉硫磺沟矿区地表沉陷区的土地整治与生态恢复

针对昌吉市硫磺沟矿区煤矿开采引起的地表沉陷及其对矿区地表及环境破坏的影响,以减轻地表沉陷危害程度、恢复矿区所在地的生态功能为目标,按照采矿区塌陷类型、塌陷坑大小及塌陷区地理环境,采用不同的土地整治与生态恢复措施,在防治和控制矿区地表沉陷引起的生态破坏及生态环境保护方面取得很好的成果与经验.     

土柱淋洗法修复铬污染土壤的水力梯度优化试验

针对重金属污染土壤的修复,淋洗法是一种比较成熟的方式,但目前研究主要聚焦于淋洗剂的选择,而关于水力停留时间对淋洗效果影响的研究相对较少.水力梯度是影响水力停留时间的重要因素,优化水力梯度能够缩短修复周期,降低淋洗成本,有效提高淋洗效率,为现场淋洗修复工程应用提供参考.本文针对人工制备的不同质地的铬污染土壤进行了土柱淋洗...     

New metallothionein assay in Scrobicularia plana: heating effect and correlation with other biomarkers

Metallothionein (MT) and other biomarker levels were measured in Scrobicularia plana clams to assess pollution of the Guadalquivir Estuary possibly affected by metals released from Aznalcóllar pyrite mine in 1998. After optimizing reagent concentrations for monobromobimane derivatization, MT levels were quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection (RP-HPLC-FD) in heated or unheated digestive gland extracts and compared to those obtained by differential pulse polarography (DPP). MT content assayed by RP-HPLC-FD in unheated samples was higher than that obtained by DPP and correlated better with metals and anti-oxidant activities. MT assay by RP-HPLC-FD in unheated extracts would be preferable for assessing metal pollution, due to its greater sensitivity and specificity. In addition to MT induction, glyoxalase II inhibition was well correlated with metal contents. Our results suggest that metals at the estuary do not originate from Aznalcóllar spill, but from those carried along by the river and deposited at its concave bank.     

废矿堆中黄铁矿氧化控制新技术--有机盐包膜法

于３０℃时研究了有机盐包膜对湿润和干燥条件下经接氧化亚铁矿杆菌的黄铁矿氧化的控制作用,湿润下经有机盐包膜的矿石样品的氧化程度与对照相比下降了９７．８％;直接添加有机盐的下降了９６．４％,两种淋洗收集液中有关元素的浓度经ＩＣＰ测定明显低于对照。干燥下微生物未能发挥对黄铁矿的氧化作用,但经包膜后的样品与对照相比,氧化程度又下降了７５．２％,这些结果表明,有机盐包膜既有明显的抑制黄铁矿的化学氧化作用,又     

铅锌尾矿废弃地的化学性质研究

凡口铅锌尾矿废弃地的不同区位及不同深度的尾矿中铅锌含量存在着较大的差异 ,总锌为 70 3～ 19657mg/ kg、总铅 10 4 13～ 94 988mg/ kg。正常尾矿中 ,有效态锌含量达到 151.6～ 84 1.7mg/ kg,有效态铅含量很低 ( 0 .75～ 2 .50 mg/ kg) ,有机质、总氮、有效磷及速效钾等营养物质缺乏。当尾矿酸化后 ,p H降低 ,有效态 Pb、Zn含量升高 ,有效锌达到 175.8～ 2 82 8.0 mg/ kg,有效铅含量最高为 10 0 .0 mg/kg,而有机质、总氮和有效磷为零 ,使尾矿更加贫瘠。在尾矿库的边缘区位和尾矿表面的覆盖土壤区位 ,基质中营养物质含量增加 ,但是营养状况的改善又引起了有效态的 Pb、Zn含量升高。     

Preliminary studies on potential remediation of acid mine drainage‐impacted soils by amendment with drinking‐water treatment residuals

Mining operations result in a wide range of environmental impacts: acid mine drainage (AMD) and acid sulfate soils being among the most common. Due to their acidic pH and high soluble metal concentrations, both AMD and acid sulfate soils can severely damage the local ecosystems. Proper post‐mining management practices are necessary to control AMD‐related environmental issues. Current AMD‐impacted soil treatment technologies are rather expensive and typically not environmentally sustainable. We conducted a 60‐day bench‐scale study to evaluate the potential of a cost‐effective and environment‐friendly technology in treating AMD‐impacted soils. The metal binding and acid‐neutralizing capacity of an industrial by‐product, drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs) were used for AMD remediation. Two types of locally generated WTRs, an aluminum‐based WTR (Al‐WTR) and a lime‐based WTR (Ca‐WTR) were used. Highly acidic AMD‐impacted soil containing very high concentrations of metals and metalloids, such as iron, nickel, and arsenic, was collected from the Tab‐Simco coal mine in Carbondale, Illinois. Soil amendment using a 1:1 Al‐ and Ca‐WTR mix, applied at 5 and 10 percent rates significantly lowered the soluble and exchangeable fractions of metals in the AMD‐impacted soil, thus lowering potential metal toxicity. Soil pH increased from an extremely acidic 2.69 to a near‐neutral 6.86 standard units over the 60‐day study period. Results from this preliminary study suggest the possibility of a successful scale‐up of this innovative, cost‐effective, and environmentally sustainable technology for remediating AMD‐impacted acid sulfate soils.     

某典型化工污染场地土壤修复方案研究

以典型化工污染场地为研究对象,构建适合该场地的修复技术筛选体系,筛选最佳修复方法。根据特征污染筛选结果、场地修复目标及业主需求等因素,通过室内模拟实验、施工现场微调等方法,确定污染场地最优修复方案。结果表明,作为Cd、苯并[a]芘复合污染场地,根据筛选体系结合Topsis法进行评估,确定场地修复技术为异位化学淋洗。运用响应曲面法,采用BoxBehnken设计多因素实验进行室内模拟,确定最佳修复条件。采用0.6mol/L柠檬酸与20g/Lβ-环糊精进行复配的淋洗剂,在pH=3.0、淋洗温度35.00℃、液固比(淋洗剂与土壤的体积质量比)6.00mL/g、搅拌强度320.00r/min下,淋洗4次,每次淋洗3.4h,对某化工污染场地进行修复,修复后土壤中Cd、苯并[a]芘的去除量分别为69.88、39.20mg/kg,去除率分别达80.14%、70.50%,达到预期修复目标。     

硫酸盐还原菌污泥固定化特性

采用玉米芯为碳源,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为包埋载体,饱和硼酸(H3BO3)为交联剂,研究了硫酸盐还原菌污泥(SRBS)、铁屑、麦饭石共固处理合成煤矿酸性废水的最优配比与机理,并分析了固定化过程中小球稳定性及活性的变化规律。实验结果表明,SRBS投加量是影响处理效果的最显著因子,当投加30%SRBS、2%铁屑、3%麦饭石时SO2-4、Mn2+去除率分别为94.13%和84.39%,溶液p H为7.03,未检测出Fe2+;随着交联时间的延长,小球膨胀率及SO2-4还原率分别呈线性与指数下降,从保持小球稳定性与活性角度考虑,可将交联时间设定为4~8 h;该法可为市政污泥的处置以及生物法处理煤矿酸性废水的工程应用提供技术参考。