利用胱氨酸生产废水开发氨基酸复合（混）固体肥料的研究

针对目前胱氨酸生产的处理和资源化所存有的问题，通过现场调查，室内模拟，生物试验，车间试生产等手段，探讨了利用胱氨酸生产废水开发氨基酸复合（混）固体肥料的原理和技术及其肥效和效益特点。     

Regional Nature-Protected Forests as Part of a Preservation Strategy for Boreal Forests in the Chita Region

The area covered by forests in the Chita region (Russian Federation – northern ecological region), is currently administered within the framework of Russian Federation (RF) legislation. Forests that need to be protected in the Chita region because of their natural significance were identified based on their status and use regime. The possibility of creating a regional network of “nature-protection forests” as a first step in the implementation of a boreal forest conservation strategy is discussed.     

好氧颗粒污泥稳定性影响因素分析

在内循环气升式间歇反应器对好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化过程进行了研究,从污泥负荷率和碳源特性分析了好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性。以蔗糖为碳源时,反应器在较低的曝气量下生长有大量的丝状真菌,而在较高的曝气量下有利于污泥形成表面光滑的颗粒,但当污泥负荷过低时,光滑的颗粒污泥表面开始迅速生长丝状真菌而导致颗粒污泥不稳定。试验表明以蔗糖为碳源物质形成好氧颗粒污泥速率快,但其操作条件难控制,容易引起丝状真菌的大量生长;以乙酸钠为碳源物质,形成颗粒污泥速度慢,污泥颗粒化程度不高;而以蔗糖与乙酸钠为混合型碳源进行好氧颗粒污泥的培养证明了形成的好氧颗粒污泥表面光滑,没有丝状菌的存在,并且颗粒污泥易于稳定运行。     

四原子氮有机胺三乙烯四胺吸收CO2的研究

在常压下,采用搅拌式反应器对三乙烯四胺(简写为TETA)吸收CO2进行了研究.测定了不同温度下,不同浓度的TETA对CO2的吸收情况,并与常用的醇胺吸收剂一乙醇胺(简写为MEA)、二乙醇胺(简写为DEA)、三乙醇胺(简写为TEA)的吸收效果作了比较;同时研究了TETA-有机胺-水三元混合体系对CO2 的吸收情况,结果表明:TEA-TEA-H2O对CO2 的吸收效果最好,且TETA/TEA=1/1时,吸收量最大,吸收速率最快.     

郑州市道路网络结构特征对大气颗粒物污染的影响及尺度效应

交通排放是大气颗粒物(PM)污染主要来源之一,从道路网络空间结构探究大气颗粒物污染缓解途径,对治理城市空气污染具有重要意义。该研究数据来源于郑州市GF-2遥感影像及建成区8个空气质量监测点(AQMS)的日监测数据。以AQMS为中心建立1 km×1 km(Scale1)-6 km×6 km(Scale6)空间尺度的样方,运用主成分分析法和线性混合效应模型,探讨不同空间尺度下影响PM10、PM2.5质量浓度的关键性路网结构特征,为郑州市路网结构规划和空气污染治理提供科学依据。结果表明,(1)郑州市建成区各监测点的颗粒物质量浓度及变异性都有冬高夏低的特征。(2)郑州市路网结构对PM10质量浓度的影响程度高于PM2.5。(3)主干道面积占比与PM10在Scale1、Scale3-Scale5尺度正相关,与PM2.5仅在Scale5正相关;总道路及次干道面积占比与PM10在Scale2-Scale6均正相关,但与PM2.5仅在Scale5、Scale6尺度正相关。在Scale5的空间尺度下控制总道路及次干道面积占比、减少主干道面积占比,可以有效缓解PM10、PM2.5的污染。(4)路网连通复杂度在Scale2与PM10负相关,在Scale2尺度提升路网环通复杂度可以促进PM10污染的有效缓解。(5)节点与廊道数量水平在Scale1、Scale2与PM10负相关,在Scale1、Scale5与PM2.5负相关。通过在Scale1尺度提升节点与廊道数量水平可以同时有效缓解PM10、PM2.5污染。     

Nutrient cycling characteristics of Quercus acutissima and Pinus massoniana mixed forest in the Three Gorge Reservoir area, China

The cycling characteristics of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) of the Quercus acutissima and Pinus massonianamixed forest which is the most common forest type in the Three Gorge Reservoir areas in China, were systematically analyzed. The results showed that N, P and K accumulated in the plant pool and in the litter pool, while total N, P, and K were deficient in the soil pool and in the forest systems. Contents of N in the soil of depth 20—40 cm were the key factor limiting growth of trees. The biological outside cycling coefficients were 8.78, 72.5 and 11.7 times of inside cycling coefficients of N, P and K, respectively. 33.92, 10.26 and 15.88 kg of N, P and K return to the litter pool from branches, leaves and throughfall per year, but, 14.31, 1.32 and 10.48 kg of N, P and K return to the soil from litter pool per year respectively. It is clear that 58% of N, 87% of P, and 34% of K are lost by surface runoff per year. 5.49%, 1.30%, and 8.34% of N, P and K withdraw from leaves to branches, 4.99%, 1.99% and 7.30% of N, P and K withdraw from branches to trunks per year, respectively.     

混酸介质微波消解快速测定炼油污水COD_(Cr)

针对传统CODCr回流法测定消解时间长、分析费用高等不足,研究了微波消解法在测定炼油污水中CODCr的应用。通过对微波消解功率、消解时间、混酸介质H3PO4H2SO4的用量及体积比等试验,确定了微波消解测定炼油污水CODCr的最佳条件。用该方法对炼油污水各处理装置的出水CODCr进行测定,所得结果与传统的CODCr回流法一致。该方法具有精密度好、分析费用低、消解时间短等优点。     

Scaling Uncertainties in Estimating Canopy Foliar Maintenance Respiration for Black Spruce Ecosystems in Alaska

A major challenge confronting the scientific community is to understand both patterns of and controls over spatial and temporal variability of carbon exchange between boreal forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. An understanding of the sources of variability of carbon processes at fine scales and how these contribute to uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes is relevant to representing these processes at coarse scales. To explore some of the challenges and uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes at fine to coarse scales, we conducted a modeling analysis of canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems of Alaska by scaling empirical hourly models of foliar maintenance respiration (R_m) to estimate canopy foliar R_m for individual stands. We used variation in foliar N concentration among stands to develop hourly stand-specific models and then developed an hourly pooled model. An uncertainty analysis identified that the most important parameter affecting estimates of canopy foliar R_m was one that describes R_m at 0 ^∘C per g N, which explained more than 55% of variance in annual estimates of canopy foliar R_m. The comparison of simulated annual canopy foliar R_m identified significant differences between stand-specific and pooled models for each stand. This result indicates that control over foliar N concentration should be considered in models that estimate canopy foliar R_m of black spruce stands across the landscape. In this study, we also temporally scaled the hourly stand-level models to estimate canopy foliar R_m of black spruce stands using mean monthly temperature data. Comparisons of monthly R_m between the hourly and monthly versions of the models indicated that there was very little difference between the estimates of hourly and monthly models, suggesting that hourly models can be aggregated to use monthly input data with little loss of precision. We conclude that uncertainties in the use of a coarse-scale model for estimating canopy foliar R_m at regional scales depend on uncertainties in representing needle-level respiration and on uncertainties in representing the spatial variability of canopy foliar N across a region. The development of spatial data sets of canopy foliar N represents a major challenge in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration at regional scales.     

Distribution features of oil and preventive countermeasures in Meizhou Bay, China

ＭｅｉｚｈｏｕＢａｙｉｓｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｏｆｔｈｅｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｃｏａｓｔｏｆＴａｉｗａｎｓｔｒａｉｔｓ．Ｔｈｅｓｅａａｒｅａｉｓａｂｏｕｔ５４６ｋｍ２．Ｉｔｉｓ，ｗｉｔｈｄｅｅｐｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｓｍｏｏｔｈｓｅａ，ａｎａｔｕｒａｌｇｏｏｄｈａ...     

单细胞凝胶电泳法测定三种化合物对石棉DNA链断裂效应的抑制作用

 为了探讨3种化合物对温石棉致人胚肺（HEL）细胞DNA链断裂的影响，用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1h后，再将其与HEL细胞共同孵育，利用单细胞凝胶电泳技术，测定了HEL细胞的DNA链断裂程度．结果显示，温石棉可致HEL细胞DNA链断裂，并呈明显的剂量反应关系（r＝0.992，P＜0.01），其中80μg/mL石棉所致DNA链断裂为对照组的7倍．与未处理温石棉组相比，经3种化合物预处理的温石棉所致HEL细胞DNA链断裂均明显减少，其中用等量柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠处理过的石棉，其所致DNA链断裂分别降低了38.3％、61.5％、30.1％，这表明，用上述3种化合物预处理温石棉，有可能减轻温石棉对人类的致癌危害性．