细粒酒精模型冰的特征长度和变形模量

描述了细粒酒精模型冰特征长放和变形模量的测试理论基础和方法，给出了实际测量结果并该对方法存在的问题进行了讨论。简述了试验过程中发生蠕变的事实并给出最佳试验的砝码质量和试验国外还给出了特征长度，变形模量与冰密度和未冻液体含量的试验关系。     

复合菌种在污水处理中的应用

经培养、筛选，获取由杆菌、球菌、酵母菌、光合菌、硝化和反硝化等多种细菌复合成多效混合菌种，利用这些复合菌种分别对餐厅含油污水、有机污染浓度高的印染废水进行处理。应用结果表明，经复合菌种处理后的废水COD、BOD5、色度去除率达85％以上，达到国家一级排放标准。     

华阳发电公司综合污水的治理

介绍了华阳发电有限责任公司综合污水治理工艺，并对其处理效果和经济效益进行分析，为同类污水的处理提供了工程实例。     

Humerus and femur length in fetuses with down syndrome

The aim of the study was to assess the value of sonographic measurement of fetal humerus and femur lengths in the second trimester as a screening tool for Down syndrome (DS). We reviewed retrospectively fetal sonographic biometry made at the time of amniocentesis between 15 and 19 weeks. The study group consisted of 27 DS fetuses. The control group comprised 500 normal fetuses chosen randomly. The expected humeral and femoral lengths for a given biparietal diameter were estimated by linear regression equations from the 500 normal fetuses. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate both the detection rate and the false-positive rate of different cut-off values of measured to expected lengths ratios. The median femur and humeral lengths in DS fetuses were 0·91 times the expected values. No significant differences in the detection rate and false-positive rate were found between the humerus and femur lengths. When the humeral and femoral lengths were combined, we observed a remarkable reduction in the false-positive rate. A measured to expected length ratio of 0·91 detected 44·4 per cent of DS fetuses with 7·6 per cent false positives. These results suggest that the combination of femoral and humeral lengths may permit a more efficient use of ultrasound in screening for Down syndrome than the use of either alone.     

二氧化碳的吸收方法及机理研究

随着温室效应的日益严重,人们对二氧化碳的处理吸收给予了越来越多的关注.对于如何选择吸收量大、吸收速率快的吸收剂的研究,从来没有间断过.介绍国内外现有的二氧化碳的吸收方法,包括物理吸收法、膜吸收法、O2/CO2燃烧法、化学吸收法等,分析各种方法的特点及优缺点,指出有机胺吸收技术是目前较优势的方法.对伯胺、仲胺、叔胺及混合胺等有机胺吸收CO2的机理进行了分析和探讨,并根据吸收机理,采用多原子氮有机胺TETA与MEA、DEA、TEA进行混合实验,给出了初步的实验结果.     

车辆阻塞效应下隧道火灾烟气温度及烟气逆流长度变化规律研究

通过数值模拟方法对车辆阻塞效应下的隧道火灾烟气温度及烟气逆流长度的变化规律进行了研究。主要分两种车辆阻塞效应讨论:1辆设定大小车辆障碍物阻塞;2辆设定大小车辆障碍物阻塞,且在同一车道。通过改变火源高度、纵向通风速度探究了车辆阻塞效应下隧道火灾烟气温度及烟气逆流长度的变化规律。结果表明:两种车辆阻塞效应下,随着火源高度的升高,隧道内顶棚烟气温度的变化规律相同:随火源高度的升高而增大。2辆车辆阻塞下的隧道顶棚烟气温度略低;两种车辆阻塞效应下,随着火源高度的升高,隧道内烟气逆流长度的变化规律不同。1辆车辆阻塞下烟气逆流长度随火源高度的升高而增大,而2辆车辆阻塞效应下烟气逆流长度随火源高度的升高而减小。     

Administrative license suspension: Does length of suspension matter?

Objective: Administrative license revocation (ALR) laws, which provide that the license of a driver with a blood alcohol concentration at or over the illegal limit is subject to an immediate suspension by the state department of motor vehicles, are an example of a traffic law in which the sanction rapidly follows the offense. The power of ALR laws has been attributed to how swiftly the sanction is applied, but does the length of suspension matter? Our objectives were to (a) determine the relationship of the ALR suspension length to the prevalence of drinking drivers relative to sober drivers in fatal crashes and (b) estimate the extent to which the relationship is associated to the general deterrent effect compared to the specific deterrent effect of the law.

Methods: Data comparing the impact of ALR law implementation and ALR law suspension periods were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques on the ratio of drinking drivers to nondrinking drivers in fatal crashes from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS).

Results: States with an ALR law with a short suspension period (1–30 days) had a significantly lower drinking driver ratio than states with no ALR law. States with a suspension period of 91–180 days had significantly lower ratios than states with shorter suspension periods, while the three states with suspension lengths of 181 days or longer had significantly lower ratios than states with shorter suspension periods.

Discussion: The implementation of any ALR law was associated with a 13.1% decrease in the drinking/nondrinking driver fatal crash ratio but only a 1.8% decrease in the intoxicated/nonintoxicated fatal crash ratio. The ALR laws and suspension lengths had a significant general deterrent effect, but no specific deterrent effect.

Practical Implications: States might want to keep (or adopt) ALR laws for their general deterrent effects and pursue alternatives for specific deterrent effects. States with short ALR suspension periods should consider lengthening them to 91 days or longer.     

菌渣中青霉素对蔬菜种子萌发的生态毒性效应

为推动青霉素菌渣环境安全利用技术规范的建立,以油麦菜、油菜、白菜和生菜4种蔬菜为研究对象,以种子发芽率、幼苗鲜质量、芽长和根长为毒性敏感指标,研究了不同处理组〔ρ（PG）分别为10、100、200、400、800、1 200、1 600、2 000、2 400、3 200和4 000 mg/L〕和对照组的青霉素（Penicillin,简称“PG”）对4种蔬菜种子萌发的生态毒性响应关系.结果表明:①与对照组相比,各处理组4种蔬菜种子发芽率之间均无显著性差异（P>0.05）;当ρ（PG）≥1 200 mg/L时,油菜种子的芽长增长率在60%左右,且与对照组相比具有显著差异（P < 0.05）;在ρ（PG）为200 mg/L时,生菜鲜质量达到最大值（0.29 g）,较对照组增加了10.37%,白菜鲜质量在ρ（PG）为400 mg/L时达到最大值,较对照组增加了5.76%,而在试验浓度范围内,各处理组4种蔬菜种子的根长均随着ρ（PG）的增大表现出逐渐增强的抑制作用.②PG对4种蔬菜的根长抑制率剂量-效应关系均符合Allometric模型,即y=axb〔其中,x为ρ（PG）,y为根长抑制率,a和b均为常数〕.③油麦菜、油菜、白菜和生菜4种蔬菜对PG的根长半抑制浓度（IC₅₀）分别为1 675.11、995.67、3 736.40和2 510.24 mg/L,4种蔬菜根长抑制率对PG的敏感程度表现为油菜>油麦菜>生菜>白菜（P < 0.05）.研究显示,与油麦菜、白菜和生菜相比,油菜更适合作为PG的生态毒性指示植物.      

生物滴滤塔对疏水性VOCs气体的去除及其生物膜特性研究

利用正己烷降解菌Pseudomonas mendocina NX-1和二氯甲烷（DCM）降解菌Methylobacterium rhodesianum H13强化生物滴滤塔（BTF）同时净化不同疏水性的正己烷和DCM混合废气,研究了挂膜启动阶段及稳定运行阶段BTF对污染物的去除性能与限制因素及生物膜相的特性变化.结果表明,在正己烷和DCM浓度均为100 mg·m^-3,停留时间（EBRT）为60 s的条件下,运行25 d即可完成BTF的启动,正己烷和DCM的去除率分别可达到65%和100%.系统稳定运行时,正己烷和DCM的最大去除负荷分别为16.1 g·m^-3·h^-1和92.0 g·m^-3·h^-1.正己烷和DCM的去除过程分别受到传质限制与反应限制影响.BTF稳定运行后,塔内生物膜胞外聚合物（EPS）中蛋白质（PN）含量逐渐增加至启动时的2.7倍,蛋白质与多糖的比值（PN/PS）从0.28增加至0.96.生物膜表面相对疏水性从21%增加至66%,Zeta电位从-12.7 mV降低至-9.2 mV.压降的模拟结果与实验数据良好拟合（R²>0.96）.     

新型铈钨钛复合氧化物催化还原脱硝机理

利用水热共沉淀法制备了铈钨钛复合氧化物催化剂,考察了H₂O₂络合修饰对其催化脱硝转化频率（TOF）的影响;并借助傅里叶原位红外光谱仪研究了H₂O₂络合修饰后铈钨钛复合氧化物的催化脱硝机理.结果表明：H₂O₂络合修饰可增强铈钨钛复合氧化物表面Brønsted酸位强度,提高其表面NH₃低温吸附和中低温NH₃-SCR脱硝性能,400℃时其NO_x催化脱除频率TOF高达0.658s^-1;NH₃和NO_x在H₂O₂络合修饰后铈钨钛复合氧化物表面存在竞争吸附,其表面催化脱硝反应主要为吸附态NH₃、NH₂和NH₄⁺与气态NO+O₂的反应,其低温NH₃-SCR反应机理遵循Eley-Rideal（E-R）机理.