2009年姚安6.0级地震强震动应急观测的数据处理及其震害启示

对2009年7月9日云南姚安6.0级地震应急流动观测获取的强余震记录进行了处理和分析,包括记录的滤波及零漂处理,5.2级、4.7级、4.6级三次强余震的PGA、PGV、PGD及PSV、PSD以及对应的谱烈度(St)与相对持时(Td)等的计算及其分析.结果表明:这些强余震近场记录的滤波处理对高频成份影响较大,对低频部分影...     

A Study on the Combined Effect of Noise and Vibration on Operators’ Performance of a Readability Task in a Mobile Driving Environment

This paper presents a study in which the main objective was to investigate the combined effect of noise and vibration on the performance of a readability task in a mobile driving environment. Subjects performed a readability task on a laptop computer in a sitting posture with their backs supported with a backrest under varying levels of noise and vibration. The data in terms of the mean number of characters read per minute were collected and statistically analyzed. Results showed that the individual effect of noise, vibration, and the operators’ gender as well as the interaction between gender and noise, and gender and vibration were statistically significant. However, the combined effect of noise and vibration was not found to be statistically significant. Results also indicated that gender was statistically significant at all levels of noise as well as vibration, and noise and vibration were statistically significant at both levels of gender.     

Occupational Exposure to Base Stations—Compliance With EU Directive 2004/40/EC

The rapid growth of mobile communications has not only led to a rising number of mobile telephones. It has also made base stations essential for services widespread on many roofs. However, not everyone is aware that working close to sources of high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF), such as transmitter antennas for mobile phones, pagers and police, fire and other emergency services, can result in high EMF exposure. This paper deals with measurements and calculations of the compliance boundary for workers in one typical roof top base station setting according to EU Directive and other relevant EN standards.     

再悬浮条件下底泥中磷赋存形态的转化研究

以富营养化河流的底泥和上覆水为材料,研究了底泥再悬浮条件下,磷的赋存形态的变化特征,并对不同形态磷之间可能的转化途径进行了探讨.结果表明,底泥再悬浮条件下,磷的释放及吸附均与底泥再悬浮的频率密切相关.再悬浮导致底泥中不同形态磷的数量分布发生了明显变化. BD-P和NaOH-nrP的含量显著减少,而Ca-P的含量明显增加,其余各形态磷的变化幅度很小.这表明, BD-P和NaOH-nrP可能转化成Ca-P.而潜在活性磷与生物有效磷的形成量也表明,底泥再悬浮促进了易释放态磷与生物有效磷向难释放态磷与难被生物利用态磷的转化,并且这种促进作用随着底泥再悬浮的频率的增加而增加.     

驾驶员道路安全感评价虚拟现实技术研究

针对公路线形、交通环境与驾驶员的协调性实时检测的定量化评价方法问题,围绕虚拟现实技术和驾驶员道路安全感认知评价,在对210国道西万三级路典型路段建模生成三维模型的基础上,组织53名驾驶人员在虚拟仿真实验室中对虚拟三级路进行现场认知评价试验.采用模糊统计的方法对评价试验得到的795组数据进行分析处理,建立虚拟三级路安全性认知因素的模糊评价隶属函数.采用计算虚拟和实测道路模糊评价隶属函数的贴近度的方法,与基于实际道路的三级路安全性认知因素的模糊评价隶属函数对比,证明虚拟现实技术在驾驶员道路安全感认知评价研究中的可行性.     

移动型环境风险源识别与分级方法研究

为了有效管理移动型环境风险源,降低其在转移运输过程中的风险水平,建立了用于识别移动型环境风险源并为其环境风险分级的方法.本方法基于我国现有环境污染事故统计分析结果,选取能够表现移动源诱发事故的起因及特征的风险评价指标因子,采用指标因子分析方法量化环境风险源风险水平.分级过程中分析了移动型环境风险源环境风险影响因子、环境风险源源强特征和风险表征方式,以风险物质数量水平-环境风险水平为基础建立风险分级矩阵,最终形成包含"环境风险源筛选"和"风险分级"两步的分级方法,旨在直观体现移动型环境风险源风险水平的同时,提高方法的可操作性和实用性.     

通信技术在近海环境监测中的应用

本文针对海洋环境监测覆盖面广、站位分散、数据间断和频繁少量的特点以及海洋环境监测自动化、实时化和连续化的发展趋势,提出一种基于水上移动通信和水声通信技术的海底观测链方式,并以海床基监测数据实时传输系统为例,对系统组成、技术特点、技术原理和应用分别阐述,旨在推广通信技术在海洋环境监测领域中的应用。     

高温独头巷道人工制冷降温效果的优化研究*

为优化移动式人工制冷设备在高温独头掘进巷道工作面的制冷效果,通过设置风障形成密闭制冷空间,利用数值计算的方法,分别分析风障距工作面距离、回风管压力、回风管垂直高度对掘进工作面制冷效果的影响。研究结果表明:设置风障能够有效缩小制冷空间,阻隔热量,提高制冷效果;风障与工作面之间的距离对制冷效果有显著影响,风障的最佳布置距离为5 m;回风口压力过大或过小都不利于制冷效果,最佳压力为-70 Pa;回风管垂直高度不同,制冷效果也大有不同,其最佳高度为1 m。利用数值模拟所得工况参数进行现场试验,结果表明风障在高温独头掘进巷道降温中具有良好的实际应用效果。研究结果对高温矿井人工制冷工况优化,提高制冷效果具有指导意义。     

厌氧和好氧处理过程中四环素抗药基因的丰度

为了了解抗生素生产废水不同处理过程(厌氧生物处理和好氧生物处理)中抗药基因的行为,本文以两种四环素(土霉素、金霉素)生产废水处理系统为调查对象,采用PCR和实时定量PCR(qPCR)方法考察厌氧和好氧处理过程中常见的6种四环素抗药基因(tet(A), tet(C), tet(G), tet(Q), tet(W), tet(X))及2种转移因子(I型整合子intI1, 异常插入序列ISCR3)的丰度特征.结果表明,tet(C)在所有样品中均未检出,其它基因在所有样品中检出.四环素生产废水处理系统中,厌氧污泥中tet(A)、tet(G)、tet(X)的相对丰度(与16S rRNA基因的比值)范围为(1.25±0.16)×10^-4~(4.52±0.002)×10^-2,显著低于好氧污泥[(9.88±0.67)×10^-5~(2.70±0.29)×10^-1],而tet(Q)、tet(W)在厌氧污泥中的相对丰度为(1.66±0.03)×10^-2~(7.48±1.22)×10^-2,比好氧污泥中[(1.94±0.12)×10^-3~(2.85±0.16)×10^-2]高1个数量级;转移因子intI1和ISCR3在厌氧污泥中相对丰度范围为(1.48±0.01)×10^-3~(2.61±0.31)×10^-2,显著低于好氧污泥[(1.18±0.15)×10^-1~(8.99±0.75)×10^-1],表明厌氧处理过程中由这两种转移因子介导的水平转移潜力较小.研究表明,好氧处理促进了tet(A)、tet(G)、tet(X)的传播,但对tet(Q)和tet(W)有控制效果,而厌氧处理过程与之相反.抗药基因的分布与水平转移因子、抗药机制、群落结构有关.     

Media messages and the needs of infants and young children after Cyclone Nargis and the WenChuan Earthquake

Infants and young children are vulnerable in emergencies. The media plays an important role in aid delivery and has a positive impact when reports are accurate. However, the media has been implicated in encouraging harmful aid in the form of donations of infant formula and other milk products. Internet‐based media reports were collected after Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar and the WenChuan Earthquake in China (2008) and examined for content related to infant and young child feeding. Common messages identified included that: babies are vulnerable; stress prevents breastfeeding; and providing infant formula saves lives. Messages rarely reported included that: artificial feeding is dangerous; and breastfeeding protects infants. This analysis suggests that current patterns of media reporting may encourage harmful aid and increase child morbidity and mortality. Aid organisations should encourage the media to report accurately on the needs of infant and young children in emergencies so as to improve aid delivery.