船舶引航员可靠性评价体系研究

为有效预测船舶引航员作业中的安全可靠性,预防引航事故,基于其职业特点,提出了情绪状态、注意力、心情状态等动态和静态评价指标各5个,并采用专家评价或自评的方式对指标赋值。采用专家调查、DEMATEL方法,研究、验证了指标的合适性和指标间关系的正确性,并确定了各指标的权重。结果表明:引航员心情状态的权重最大(0.123 6),基本生理素质的权重最小(0.082 6);最后通过案例分析,得到某一级引航员的可靠性值为91.342 5。引航员在工作中有良好的心理和生理状态以及良好的操作技能,有助于引航员可靠性的提高,从而减少引航事故的发生。     

The Impact of Mobile Data Terminal Use on Posture and Low-Back Discomfort When Combined With Simulated Prolonged Driving in Police Cruisers

The introduction of mobile computing within a constrained vehicle environment has led to changes in the task demands of occupational groups such as professional drivers and law enforcement officers. The purpose of this study was to examine how mobile data terminal (MDT) use interacts with prolonged driving to induce postural changes or low-back discomfort. Eighteen participants (9 male, 9 female) completed two 120-min simulated driving sessions. Time-varying lumbar spine and pelvis postures, seat pan interface pressures and ratings of perceived discomfort were recorded at 15-min intervals. The introduction of a computer interface decreased pelvic posterior rotation by an average of 15° with respect to upright standing and increased peak average discomfort in the neck (5.9 mm), left shoulder (6.8 mm), midback (10.9 mm), low back (10.6 mm) and pelvis (11.5 mm) compared to driving alone. The incorporation of mobile computing warrants consideration in the design of vehicle work environments.     

Paradigms and Safety Requirements for a New Generation of Workplace Equipment

A workplace in the manufacturing industry consists of not only stationary equipment (e.g., machining centres, fixed robots) but also mobile equipment (e.g., automated guided vehicles, mobile robots), with both kinds co-operating directly with workers. Workplace equipment should not only be safe, it should also not generate fear or anxiety; still better if it should inspire calm and confidence. In view of robot laws, this article presents selected examples of robot-human co-operation, reviews safety requirements and safety functions developed to date. It also proposes a package of selected new safety functions, necessary to fulfil this paradigm. It also suggests and presents examples of actions that can make the workplace a human-friendly environment and presents examples of such actions.     

核电厂厂区实验室乙炔泄漏扩散过程的数值模拟

为了得到核电厂厂区实验室乙炔在复杂气流环境下的泄漏扩散规律及事故的危险范围,在建立了乙炔实际泄漏环境条件下物理模型的基础上,采用CFD对厂区实验室两类乙炔泄漏扩散过程进行数值模拟,得到乙炔泄漏后的室内扩散过程,以及在不同时间内室内存在爆炸极限的区域和达到爆炸极限的范围,同时给予了讨论和分析.研究结果为实验室可燃气体探测、管道布局与实验室风口设计配合、泄漏实验室危险处置和安全技术管理提供理论依据.     

事故树-风险矩阵评估高校实验室火灾风险

为了使高校实验室安全管理科学化、精准化,应用事故树-风险矩阵法进行风险评估。首先采用事故树法对实验室火灾事故进行分析,得出导致事故发生的基本事件,然后依照事故致因理论,得出事故隐患三级原因,采用层次分析法对事故发生的频率和后果严重度及安全措施补偿系数的等级赋值,得到四级风险矩阵模型,对基本事件调查并由专家评估得出其风险值。评估结果表明导致实验室火灾事故的主要原因为:燃烧反应失控、加热、人员消防素质、操作不当、实验室管理水平、火灾报警系统缺陷、电气火花、灭火材料不足、消防系统缺陷、木制品、反应放热、存放不当。根据基本事件风险值高低针对性采取相应预防措施可以一定程度上提升实验室安全管理水平。     

Ensuring the service quality at a university construction technology laboratory in Brazil

Service quality in a construction technology laboratory can result in an improvement in construction companies’ competitiveness. This research aims to evaluate the service quality provided by a construction technology laboratory, specifically in the segment of performing testing through the rupturing of concrete samples. For this research, a survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire that was created based on a literature review regarding the surveying of laboratory customers at a university in the south of Brazil. Our research was both exploratory and quantitative, and the data were analyzed by applying multivariate data analysis. The conclusions of this study show that the dimensions of quality services are: communication, reliability, responsiveness, credibility, and tangibility. These five dimensions together provide a high explained variance standard of 79.75%. Having a suitable number of attendants available to serve customers and presenting agility in the construction laboratory is one of the managerial research contributions. Moreover, through information availability, this research generates greater traceability that can be used both by customers and by institutional management. Constantly and thoroughly monitoring the customer service cycle is another relevant factor that can improve the quality of the services provided.     

超声波诱导催化氧化处理有机化学实验室废水的初步试验

采用超声波诱导催化氧化处理有机化学实验室废水,探讨了超声辐射时间等因素对有机化学实验室废水处理效果的影响,获得了最佳工艺条件：100mLCOD为4632mg／L的废水（初始pH值=3）在超声辐射反应时间50min,Fe^2＋离子浓度为100mg/L,H2O2浓度为800mg／L的条件下,COD去除率达到79％。     

水中挥发性有机物的分析方法综评

综述了目前国内环境监测领域监测分析水中挥发性有机物的各种手段和方法,以具体仪器和实验方法为例,对实验室、应急和自动在线监测分析VOCs的方法和仪器进行了概述和评价,便于更好地了解各类仪器在水中挥发性有机物监测中的优势和特点,使其更有效地发挥作用.     

环境监测实验室标准物质的使用和管理中应关注的几个问题

从实验室认可和计量认证的需求出发,按照《检测和校准实验室能力认可准则》（简称《准则》）要求,对环境监测实验室如何正确使用和规范管理标准物质,保证监测数据的准确性、溯源性进行探讨。     

工程装备车辆淋雨试验室设计参数的确定

淋雨试验室是重要的工程装备车辆定型试验设施,其设计参数直接影响淋雨试验室的适用范围和防雨密封性试验结果。从淋雨强度、喷嘴型式、喷嘴间距等方面阐述淋雨试验室设计时如何进行参数确定。