空气移动监测车仪器与空气自动站仪器的比对分析

河南省环境监测中心站利用空气移动监测车仪器对辖区内4家公司空气自动站的仪器进行比对,得出了空气移动监测车仪器与空气自动站仪器的SO2、NO2相对误差分别为：4.4%、-8.7%,仪器之间重复性和一致性均较好,由相关性检验得出,空气移动监测车仪器与4家公司空气自动站仪器比对数据相关性显著,为利用空气移动监测车仪器对空气自动站仪器进行质量控制和质量保证提供了借鉴意义。     

Urbanization in China Based on International Comparison: A Discussion with Two Prevalent Views

Abstract>

Two prevalent views are reviewed on China’s urbanization firstly. Then, this article highlights the characteristics and pattern of urbanization in the world based on the quadrants map, using data of 118 countries or areas. The results indicate that the process of urbanization in the world excluding the data of China has slowed down gradually. A further exploration examines China’s urbanization process and economic development over time, which reveals that both urbanization level and the level of economic development belong to the low-grade coordination pattern. The low level of urbanization is closely connected with the low level of economic development. Actually, China’s urbanization gap appeared during 1985–1995, but it has been eliminating this urbanization gap since 1995 as a result of rapid urbanization growing. The complicated realities revealed in this analysis challenge the existing two prevalent views.     

Application of Tradable Emission Permits in Europe

Abstract

The purpose of this study is merely to review the current situation in the designing and implementation of the emission trading programs in Europe. Historical data show that although there is a series of shortcomings in their current functioning, employing such instruments for GHG reduction policy making is strongly expected to be efficient and effective. The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) are just a few examples of the ambitious EU initiative that heavily relies on such instruments. We dwell on their operations and achievements by far and all the content in this article is expected to convince the Chinese government and regional public authorities to take positive actions and attitudes in promoting these instruments.     

Integrating ecosystem services evaluation and landscape pattern analysis into urban planning based on scenario prediction and regression model

ABSTRACT

Urban planning has become a widely concern for minimizing the negative effects of urban expansion on terrestrial ecosystems. We developed an interdisciplinary modeling framework to evaluate the effectiveness and shortcomings of urban expansion management strategies. A three-step method was applied to Yinchuan Plain in the northwestern of China, including (1) analyzing the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem service values through mathematical statistics; (2) predicting landscape pattern and ecosystem services change under different scenarios based on cellular automaton model (SLEUTH-3r model); and (3) designing and validating optimized scenario through integrating historical analysis experiments and future multi-comparison suggestions. Results have suggested that landscape composition and configuration can significantly affect regional ecosystem service values, especially the connectivity and shape of landscape. Compact urban growth policy and medium environment protection policy are the appropriate setting for urban expansion plan. Optimization validation of the combined designed scenario implied the reliability of this method. Our results highlighted the significance of integrating application of landscape pattern analysis, ecosystem service value evaluation, model simulation and multi-scenario prediction in urban planning.     

河流型油污染应急监测案例分析研究

以在湘江中下游发生的跨多市的油污染事故为例,详细阐述了对该污染事故开展应急监测的全过程,包括基本情况介绍、应急响应、应急监测方案编制、应急监测结果综合分析等内容;并针对该类型污染事故应急监测进行了管理和技术经验总结,包括强调多部门联合处置的必要性,摆正应急监测在应急中的正确位置,应急监测时信息流转通畅的关键作用,妥善开展应急处置的重要性以及明确应急处置责任主体等内容.     

南京市溧水区大气挥发性有机物污染特征及来源解析

为了解南京市溧水区大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)的组分、来源及其对臭氧的贡献,2021年对区域内VOCs开展了为期1 a的走航监测,进行数据分析.结果表明,溧水区ρ(TVOC)年均值为223.45μg·m^-3,其中ρ(烷烃)为49.45μg·m^-3(占比22.13%),ρ[含氧(氮)VOCs]为50.63μg·m^-3(占比22.66%),ρ(卤代烃)为64.73μg·m^-3(占比28.95%),ρ(芳香烃)为35.46μg·m^-3(占比15.87%),ρ(烯烃)为18.26μg·m^-3(占比8.19%),其他为4.9μg·m^-3(占比2.2%).夏季的ρ(TVOC)平均值较高,为263.75μg·m^-3,冬季较低,为187.2μg·m^-3,春季为246.11μg·m^-3,秋季为204.77μg·m^-3.日均TVOC浓度,在09:00～10:00和14...     

岷江上游流域水电梯级开发的生态环境需水研究

本文通过分析岷江上游水电梯级开发对生态环境的主要影响,确定维持流域生态平衡的最小生态环境需水量测算方法。经测算,岷江上游的生态环境需水量占流域多年平均流量的6%～33%,越靠近源头,生态环境需水量所占比例越大。建议提高岷江上游生态环境需水量所占比例,将生态环境需水占比超过20%的茂县以上河段设为禁止开发区域,取消禁止开发区域内原规划的6级电站。同时在已建电站坝下和各县域出境断面设置生态流量监控断面,确保流域开发的环境生态平衡。     

双流县金马河饮用水源地水质自动监测系统介绍

为了及时、准确地掌握金马河水质状况,预警重大或流域性水质污染事件,确保饮用水水源地安全,双流县于2008年建立了县级饮用水源水质自动监测系统。本文详细介绍了水质自动监测系统的组成和特点,为其他水质自动系统的构建提供了有益的参考。     

四川省农村环境空气污染源分布及其对自动监测点位设置影响的研究

将四川省农村地区分成平原和浅丘区、小起伏山地和高丘区、高山峡谷区三种类型区域。利用GIS软件,将四川省划分网格,分别统计每个网格中的工业废气污染点源数量和主要交通线路长度,得出四川省工业废气污染点源密度分级图和四川省主要公路密度分布图,以及结合农村污染面源的情况分析,总结出农村区域的主要污染密度分布类型。结果表明,在一定区域范围内,农村平原和浅丘区的工业源、交通源、农村面源分布均匀;高丘区、小起伏山区、高山峡谷区的污染源分布均具有明显的地理分布特性,山间平地和山谷台地的污染源分布密度高;根据四川省污染源分布规律给农村空气自动监测布点提供了指导。     

探析模糊控制无线节点网路技术在石油化工安全中的应用

在石油化工领域,为了有效预防和控制易燃易爆有毒气体的泄漏燃烧爆炸,利用计算机技术和电信通讯网络,处理信息和传输信息,以监测探头、无线接收发模块、监控主计算机三部分构建一套安全预警监控系统。在化工厂或危险源区域的危险点,设置多处监测节点,接受信息传输到无线接收发模块,进行模糊化计算、推理,判断后输出结果到监控主计算机,监控主计算机向安全管理人员、现场工作人员等发出报警信息。