Mercury distribution around the Spolana chlor-alkali plant (central Bohemia, Czech Republic) after a catastrophic flood, as revealed by bioindicators

The current mercury concentrations in moss Hypnum cupressiforme, in forest floor humus and in oak and pine bark were determined in a 10-km radius around a chlor-alkali plant affected by a flood in 2002. Similar distribution patterns of Hg had accumulated in four bio-indicators, irrespective of different Hg concentrations in the analysed biological matrices. No accumulation of extremely Hg-contaminated materials was found in the flooded parts. The bio-indicators, used alone or in combination, can be recommended for effective and reliable determination of Hg contamination levels around Hg sources.     

用 Moss Bag 富集研究汞矿附近元素汞的沉降

应用ＭｏｓｓＢａｇ监测元素汞的干湿沉降．结果表明：矿区大气汞浓度２００—１１３５ｎｇ·ｍ－３时汞的湿沉降为１７００μｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１;干沉降９８７μｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１．而当距矿区６７ｋｍ,大气汞浓度３．４—４．０ｎｇ·ｍ－３时,其干沉降２１μｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１,湿沉降３３μｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１,湿沉降占总沉降６１％—６３％,干沉降占３７％—３９％,元素汞的干湿沉降与距汞源的距离明显相关     

小兴安岭泥炭藓沼泽生态系统中的汞

研究了小兴安岭汤旺河流域中的泥炭、土壤和植物样品的汞,泥炭地总汞的平均含量为65.8～186.6ng/g;高于黑龙江土壤A层汞平均含量,也高于美国佛罗里达大沼泽国家公园和瑞典Birkeness湿地的含量.甲基汞平均含量为0.16～1.86ng/g;约占总汞的0.2%～1.4%,泥炭地总汞最高浓度出现在5～10cm深处,为186.6ng/g,甲基汞最高浓度出现在10～15cm处,为1.86ng/g,均随深度增加而减少.甲基汞含量与总汞没有很强的相关性(P=0.05,r=0.28)     

Implementation of airborne trace element monitoring with devitalised transplants of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.: assessment of temporal trends and element contribution by vehicular traffic in Naples city

A biomonitoring of airborne trace elements was performed in 2006 in Naples urban area through the exposure of devitalised Hypnum cupressiforme for 10 weeks at 4 m height. In one street, the moss was exposed at different heights to assess vertical gradients of element concentrations. Results were compared with those of a 1999 biosurvey. Correlations among Al, Fe and Ti suggested a soil particles contribution to element uptake. Cu, Mo and Fe were related with traffic flows. Long-range transport contributed to Cd, Cu and Mo accumulation in moss at higher heights. As in 1999, the airborne element load was higher in coastal sites, more affected by marine aerosols and traffic. In all sites, contents of Cd, Fe, Pb, Ni and V in moss were remarkably lower than in 1999, indicating a positive effect of actions set up in recent years to reduce the traffic and to improve the city air quality.     

用苔藓组织硫含量、S/N比值探讨江西省大气硫沉降

本文通过对江西省"r"型酸控区19个采样点88个细叶小羽藓样品进行分析,发现在大气硫浓度高的地区苔藓组织硫含量也高,说明细叶小羽藓可以作为监测植物指示大气硫污染。江西省苔藓组织硫含量从南往北递增,赣东北苔藓组织有着高的硫含量。南昌市和贵溪市市区苔藓组织硫含量和其相应的郊区苔藓组织硫含量有显著性差异(P<0.01),且市区苔藓组织硫含量明显高于郊区苔藓组织硫含量,说明这两个城市市区苔藓受到了点污染源的影响。对细叶小羽藓组织硫含量和大气SO2浓度进行线性回归分析,发现细叶小羽藓的组织硫含量(y)和大气SO2浓度(x)存在显著线性正相关(y=6.09x+0.16,R2=0.95,P=0.003)。用S/N=0.15把江西省采样点分为两组,贵溪市贵溪冶炼厂周围有着高的大气硫沉降量(组Ⅰ),其它采样点均是硫缺乏或者说是氮过量(组Ⅱ)。     

Productivity of mosses and organic matter accumulation in the litter of sphagnum larch forest in the permafrost zone

Productivity of the moss cover and necromass accumulation in the litter of a sphagnum larch forest have been estimated on the basis of tree age. It has been shown that the total carbon stock in the litter of a 100-year-old stand, including organic matter not destroyed by fire, exceeds the corresponding value for the tree stand itself by more than an order of magnitude. The accumulation of organic matter on the soil surface inhibits the growth of larch. In particular, this factor impairs hydrothermal conditions in the soil and causes a rise of the permafrost table; as a consequence, lower layers of the root system die off.     

川西亚高山人工云杉林和自然恢复演替系列的林地水文效应

通过对人工云杉林及自然恢复演替系列林地苔藓、枯落物和土壤的野外调查与室内实验,分析了川西亚高山森林恢复过程中的林地水文效应。结果表明:林地苔藓及枯落物蓄积量随林龄增大而增加,最大持水量也相应增加。10a、30a生人工云杉林苔藓、枯落物蓄积量和最大持水量都显著高于同龄的自然恢复类型;40a生人工云杉林苔藓、枯落物蓄积量显著高于同龄的针阔混交林,但二者最大持水量之间差异并不显著。人工云杉林苔藓和枯落物的最大持水率均低于自然恢复演替系列。70a生人工云杉林苔藓与枯落物最大持水量之和已接近原始冷杉林。各类型林分土壤容重均随土壤深度增加而增大,最大持水量、毛管持水量和最小持水量则降低。土壤0～40cm最大持水量在各林龄人工云杉林之间差异显著,但与恢复阶段没有关系,并不随林龄的增大而增加;在自然恢复演替系列之间差异不显著。人工云杉林地水文效应的增强快于自然恢复过程,表现在人工云杉林苔藓与枯落物蓄积量及最大持水量的增加快于自然恢复过程。     

离子色谱法测定海苔食品中的碘含量

本文探讨了离子色谱法分析海苔食品中的碘含量的分析方法,采用戴安IGC-1500型,RFC-30淋洗液发生器,直接电导检测(电位:0.15V),对海苔进行定性,定量分析。该方法相对标准偏差RSD<0.8%(n=8),碘的回收率在94.0%～106.7%之间。方法简便、快速。     

天然石生苔藓汞含量及对大气汞污染的生物指示

采集贵州万山汞矿区6属7种优势种类苔藓84个样品,测定其汞含量,同时现场监测部分苔藓采样点近地表大气汞,定量分析苔藓汞和大气汞质量浓度之间的关系.结果显示,研究区苔藓汞质量浓度范围为0.96-126 μg·g-1,平均值80±46 μg·g-1,受触媒生产、废触媒回收等涉汞化工厂生产活动影响显著;苔藓汞与大气汞呈正相关关系,表现为线性拟合相关性系数r=0.93（n=12,P=0.01030）,多项式拟合相关性系数r=0.96（n=12,P=0.01169）,对数拟合相关性系数r=0.96（n=12,P=0.00469）;选择对数拟合方程估算苔藓采样点大气汞浓度,发现拟合得到的大气汞空间分布特征和实测苔藓汞空间分布特征基本一致,从而通过定量/半定量方法证明了可以利用苔藓汞指示大气汞污染,为汞污染场地修复过程中的大气汞污染评价提供了新思路.     

Trace element atmospheric pollution in South Albania studied by the moss technique and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

Monitoring hazardous air pollutants is needed for understanding their spatial and temporal distribution and ultimately to minimize their harmful effects. For the first time, the moss biomonitoring technique has been applied to air pollution monitoring in South Albania. Moss samples were collected during the period of September–October 2010, and were analyzed for total concentration of the elements Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry. Geographical distribution maps of the elements over the sampled territory were constructed using geographic information systems technology. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to distinguish elements mainly of anthropogenic origin from those predominantly originating from natural sources. Four factors were identified: Factor 1 reflects wind-blown mineral particles or local emissions from industry (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Zn); Factor 2 is related to long-range atmospheric transport of elements or local emissions from industry (Cd, Pb); Factor 3 (Na, Mg) and Factor 4 (K) reflect the natural origin of elements as crustal, marine, and vegetation components.