基于模糊综合评判的电网应灾能力量化评估

为应对极端自然灾害下电网在灾前、灾后应灾能力评估的不足,提出基于模糊综合评判的电网应灾能力量化评估方法.通过分析电网系统的综合数据和关联指标,建立电网灾前承受力和灾后恢复力评估指标体系;运用层次分析法和熵权法各自求得指标主、客观权重,并依据权重占比组合成综合权重,使用模糊综合评判对电网应灾能力进行量化评估;通过案例对所...     

A meta‐heuristic approach for supporting adaptive disassembly sequencing using a multi‐objective concept

One of the key features of environmentally conscious manufacturing has been the efforts to promote product recycling and remanufacturing. Efficient material re‐utilisation through product disassembly to retrieve the desired parts and/or subassemblies is one rational approach. This is because it can promote the conservation of both material and energy resources whilst concurrently reducing environmental impact. However, because manufactured products may be made from many components, disassembly load becomes a critical factor that may obstruct the recovery of materials. Accordingly, it is essential to develop a practical method for deriving a disassembly plan to decrease such load, and to endow a certain value to the product at the end of its life cycle. With this understanding, the authors have developed a practical procedure to produce an adaptive disassembly strategy. The authors have applied a meta‐heuristic method known as genetic programming (GP) as a search engine to derive the adaptive disassembly sequence together with a multi‐objective optimisation method termed MOON^2R. The authors have also proposed a hierarchical sequencing method to cope with large/complex products and added several ideas to increase the applicability associated with the interests in disassembly of hazardous and/or valuable parts, and alternative disassembly actions. Through numerical experiments, the authors examined the effectiveness of the proposed approach by showing its support for relevant planning and design decisions for product recycling and remanufacturing from various viewpoints.     

三峡水库建设期秭归县土地利用变化与地形因素的关系

分析水库建设期秭归县地形因素对土地利用变化的影响,对后三峡管理运行期土地资源保护与自然社会协调发展具有重要意义。使用1992、2007年两期1∶50 000土地利用分类结果和10 m DEM数据等,基于GIS栅格运算,研究秭归县15 a来土地利用变化与地形因素的关系。结果表明：旱地、园地是变化面积最大的地类,而园地、人工表面是面积增长率最高的地类。旱地、园地变化在地形的分异呈现互补性,主要发生在海拔＜800 m、坡度＜25°、非阳坡地区;灌木林在海拔＞1 100 m、坡度范围15~45°及阳坡、半阳坡面积增加较多,乔木林向灌木林转换主要发生在海拔>1 100 m、坡度25~35°、阳坡及半阳坡地区;乔木林减少面积最多在35~45°、阳坡地区;草地减少主要发生在低海拔、15~35°、阴坡地区。建设时期下的各种政策是这些变化发生的主因。在未来人口增长、经济发展条件下,缓解人地关系压力必须合理规划土地资源,保障土地利用集约化     

黄河下游1996年异常洪水水沙数值模拟

以二维非恒定流和不平衡输沙理论为基础,建立了黄河下游高村至孙口河二维水沙运动数值模型,对１９９６年异常洪水的滩槽水流运动、泥沙冲淤进行了分析计算．计算结果充分反映了模型对黄河来水来沙变幅大的适应能力,以及对滩槽水沙交换、滩区生产堤对洪水演进影响的合理模拟．     

Modelling of Flow and Pollution Dispersion in a Two Dimensional Urban Street Canyon

The wind-driven flow patterns and the dispersion of vehicle exhaust pollutants released at street level has been simulated with the three-dimensional (3-D) dispersion model ADREA-HF (Andronopoulos et al., 1993), for idealised two-dimensional urban fetches occupied by buildings with slanted roofs. The simulation used oncoming atmospheric boundary layer characteristics corresponding to realistic above-town wind characteristics, as measured in reference wind tunnel experiments (Rafailidis, 1997). At that stage, analysis was limited to neutral stability conditions only. Firstly, the quality assurance of the numerical model was investigated in terms of the sensitivity to different grid allocations. The modelling results were corroborated by comparison with wind tunnel measurements in a similar two-dimensional domain (Pavageau et al., 1997). The numerical modelling replicated well the high degree of non-uniformity in the dispersion field in the test street, and the results agreed satisfactorily with the experimental measurements. The reasons for the differences observed have been investigated. With the model thus validated, three different exhaust release scenarios have been tested, keeping the same overall emission rate but different spatial patterns of street-release. The effect of the different street-release scenarios was found to be only marginal, with the dispersion patterns on the sidewalls affected only locally, close to the street level.     

2种不同模块化填料组合的多级土壤渗滤系统的比较

以滇池入湖河流污水为对象,研究了2种不同模块化填料组合的多级土壤渗滤系统在不同运行条件下的处理效果差异.结果表明,各系统都具有较好的COD去除效果,平均去除率均在50％以上.沸石陶结系统无论曝气与否,均具有高NH⁺₄-N去除能力,出水浓度<1 mg/L.陶粒红壤MSL系统在8∶1的气水比下,具有良好的氨氮去除能力,平均去除率为84%;在非曝气条件下氨氮去除能力相对低一些,在40%以下.非曝气沸石陶结系统TN去除效果最好,平均去除率在68％以上,最高达到98％.其他3个系统在不同工况下TN去除效果差别较大.4个系统TP平均去除率在30％～90％之间,不同工况下去除效果不同.高污染负荷下,沸石陶结系统（M1、M2）的磷去除能力较强,稳定状态下平均去除率均在80％以上.通过分析系统沿程氮转化效率,探讨了各系统的氮去除机制.     

港口发展与广州南沙地区的开发

当今世界 ,而港口功能的多元化发展 ,赋予了港口以及港口城市新的发展动力和机遇。广州南沙地区开发应顺应这种发展变化 ,以港口建设为动力 ,以港口经济开发为重点 ,形成广州新的经济增长极和新的滨海城市中心区 ,使广州由只有“云山珠水”的内河港口城市向拥有“山、城、田、海”的滨海城市转变 ,并进一步奠定其华南地区中心城市和珠江三角洲城市群核心城市的地位。     

Minimization of socioeconomic disruption for displaced populations following disasters

In the aftermath of catastrophic natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis and earthquakes, emergency management agencies come under intense pressure to provide temporary housing to address the large‐scale displacement of the vulnerable population. Temporary housing is essential to enable displaced families to reestablish their normal daily activities until permanent housing solutions can be provided. Temporary housing decisions, however, have often been criticized for their failure to fulfil the socioeconomic needs of the displaced families within acceptable budgets. This paper presents the development of (1) socioeconomic disruption metrics that are capable of quantifying the socioeconomic impacts of temporary housing decisions on displaced populations; and (2) a robust multi‐objective optimization model for temporary housing that is capable of simultaneously minimizing socioeconomic disruptions and public expenditures in an effective and efficient manner. A large‐scale application example is optimized to illustrate the use of the model and demonstrate its capabilities ingenerating optimal plans for realistic temporary housing problems.     

某东南沿海电厂钢结构腐蚀影响因素分析

目的 对比腐蚀环境因子分布和钢结构腐蚀事件分布,分析影响火力发电厂钢结构腐蚀的主要环境因素,探讨火力发电厂钢结构腐蚀的机理。方法 以东南沿海某火力发电厂为例,对电厂厂区进行网格化,利用便携式温湿度计进行逐网格温、湿度监测,逐网格收集结构物表面灰尘,并分析其中氯离子、可溶盐、酸碱含量等,开展腐蚀环境监测。统计从2012年至2022年10年间该电厂每一网格内的腐蚀防护工程,如腐蚀防护器件、装备、材料购置等项目的施工或应用次数。结果 温度、湿度及钢结构表面灰尘中氯离子含量、可溶盐含量、灰尘浸渍水p H等因子受海洋环境、厂区结构分布、生产活动多重原因的影响,随距海距离增加呈带状分布,或围绕生产设施点呈辐射分布。结论 环境因子对钢铁结构腐蚀的影响大小顺序为结构物灰尘含盐量>结构物灰尘浸渍水p H>相对湿度>结构物灰尘氯离子含量>温度。电厂钢结构腐蚀机理为雨水或大气凝结水溶出结构物表面灰尘的可溶性盐,含盐水经涂层缺陷输运至金属表面,成为钢铁腐蚀原电池的离子导路,导致钢结构发生电化学腐蚀。     

青海省光伏电站接入电网调度模式探讨

青海省太阳能资源丰富,开发利用潜力巨大。根据青海省柴达木盆地＂千万千瓦级＂光伏发电基地发展规划,预计2010年青海省光伏发电总装机容量将达到20万kW,2020年远景规划装机容量超过750万kW,2030年远景规划总装机容量达到2 000万kW。但是,青海省光伏发电也面临着诸如光伏电站调度困难等技术、经济问题,必须妥善解决。针对青海省光伏电站接入电网调度模式开展相应工作,意图对青海省并网光伏电站及电网的安全、稳定、运行提供有益指导。