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131.
It is now widely accepted that members of the public should be involved in environmental decision-making. This has inspired
many to search for principles that characterize good public participation processes. In this paper we report on a study that
identifies discourses about what defines a good process. Our case study was a forest planning process in northern New England
and New York. We employed Q methodology to learn how participants characterize a good process differently, by selecting, defining,
and privileging different principles. Five discourses, or perspectives, about good process emerged from our study. One perspective
emphasizes that a good process acquires and maintains popular legitimacy. A second sees a good process as one that facilitates
an ideological discussion. A third focuses on the fairness of the process. A fourth perspective conceptualizes participatory
processes as a power struggle—in this instance a power play between local landowning interests and outsiders. A fifth perspective
highlights the need for leadership and compromise. Dramatic differences among these views suggest an important challenge for
those responsible for designing and carrying out public participation processes. Conflicts may emerge about process designs
because people disagree about what is good in specific contexts. 相似文献
132.
Policy makers often must rely on the cumulative impact of independent actions taken by local landowners to achieve environmental
goals. The connection between policy, regulation, and local action, however, is often not well understood and, thus, the impact
of proposed policies may be difficult to predict. In this study we evaluate the effectiveness of alternative policy scenarios
for agricultural set aside programs (e.g., the conservation reserve program administered by the United States Department of
Agriculture) in reducing nonpoint pollution. Two alternative policy scenarios are developed and analyzed; one based on the
erodibility index (detachment), the other sediment yield (transport). An estimate of the cumulative impact of associated land
use change on nonpoint pollution is made using the AGNPS distributed parameter watershed model. This work is completed within
the Cypress Creek watershed in southern Illinois. An analysis of the resulting data suggests that the most efficacious regulatory
strategy for achieving nonpoint water pollution goals depends, in part, on place-specific land use patterns. This conclusion
provides a solid argument for place-based regulatory strategies. 相似文献
133.
Using Multicriteria Methods in Environmental Planning and Management 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
In environmental planning and decision processes several alternatives are analyzed in terms of multiple noncommensurate criteria,
and many different stakeholders with conflicting preferences are involved. Based on our experience in real-life applications,
we discuss how multicriteria decision aid (MCDA) methods can be used successfully in such processes. MCDA methods support
these processes by providing a framework for collecting, storing, and processing all relevant information, thus making the
decision process traceable and transparent. It is therefore possible to understand and explain why, under several conflicting
preferences, a particular decision was made. The MCDA framework also makes the requirements for new information explicit,
thus supporting the allocation of resources for the process. 相似文献
134.
135.
136.
Xiaoying Yang Benedykt Dziegielewski 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(1):160-169
Abstract: Thermoelectric power generation is responsible for the largest annual volume of water withdrawals in the United States although it is only a distant third after irrigation and industrial sectors in consumptive use. The substantial water withdrawals by thermoelectric power plants can have significant impacts on local surface and ground water sources, especially in arid regions. However, there are few studies of the determinants of water use in thermoelectric generation. Analysis of thermoelectric water use data in existing steam thermoelectric power plants shows that there is wide variability in unitary thermoelectric water use (in cubic decimeters per 1 kWh) within and among different types of cooling systems. Multiple‐regression models of unit thermoelectric water use were developed to identify significant determinants of unit thermoelectric water use. The high variability of unit usage rates indicates that there is a significant potential for water conservation in existing thermoelectric power plants. 相似文献
137.
138.
Aslı Aksoy 《International Journal of Green Energy》2019,16(1):34-48
All economic sectors are associated with energy use; therefore, government organizations aim to supply sustainable energy for human needs and economic growth. In particular, increased environmental concerns of the public in Turkey have impacted policymaking for renewable energy (RE) management in Turkey. The primary objective for RE sources of the Turkish Ministry of Energy is to ensure that 30% of the share of electricity production is from RE resources in 2023. In this paper, the integrated multi-objective, multi-period linear programming model is presented to determine effective allocation of RE supply for seven different geographical regions in Turkey for the period of 2017 to 2024. The integrated model consists of two different stages. The first stage involves qualitative evaluations of RE sources for seven geographical regions. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to determine criteria priorities and overall ratings of geographical regions across determined criteria for RE sources are computed. The second stage of the integrated model consists of a multi-objective, multi-period linear programming model. The proposed multi-objective linear programming model is coded in MPL (Mathematical Programming Language) and solved using the GUROBI 5.1.0 solver. The output of the integrated model presents the total supply amount of RE sources for geographical regions in planning period. The ε-constraints method is applied to compute the total supply amount of RE from geographical regions for the period of 2017 to 2024. In this study, a systematic decision-making model is generated to allocate renewable energy sources to the geographical regions. The presented model integrates qualitative evaluations and quantitative parameters of different geographical regions to determine the optimal supply amount of RE. The obtained results are consistent with the potential quantities of RE alternatives in geographical regions, regional specifications, and social requirements. 相似文献
139.
ABSTRACT. Planning an optimal system of activities for generating economic goods and services within an existing natural resource capacity is a difficult problem to solve. A mathematical programming model with the capacity to check multiple resource demand and supply compatibility over many time periods was developed for the solution to this type of problem. The characteristics of natural resource supply and the demand of activities were utilized to reduce the number of time periods and to minimize the loss of the dynamic reality of the problem. Reduction in the number of time periods extended the capability of the model to the solution of complex resource planning problems without oversimplification. 相似文献
140.
ABSTRACT. This research examines the impact of high rates of interest upon the least cost system design for urban drainage systems when water quality is a critical parameter. Results of examination of twelve alternative system designs in a case study watershed indicate the least cost study design is highly sensitive to the rate of interest, but not sensitive to the water quality parameters. When the high rates of interest currently prevalent are introduced into the model those systems which contain open channel collection components are selected as the least cost system. At low rates of interest pipeline collection components are selected as the least cost system. Holding pond components of system design are cost effective at several levels of water quality. They are neutral to the rate of interest so they are incorporated in least cost systems at all the levels of interest rates. The results of the study indicate that at the current high rates of interest open channel collection systems and holding ponds are cost effective system components to achieve selected levels of water quality in urban drainage system design. 相似文献