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901.
在分析应急预案内容及应急决策特点的基础上,针对应急决策中许多信息无法定量描述的问题,运用模糊集合理论,建立了在事故灾难复杂环境下对应急决策进行动态调整的模糊群体决策方法。该方法包括构造模糊偏好关系、设计备选方案选择的多属性群体决策模型和群体决策一致性的检验标准等内容,可以辅助应急决策者选择最佳决策方案。通过实证表明,该计算方法及实用效果,为突发事故应急预案的制订和事故现场的应急决策提供参考。 相似文献
902.
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904.
基于性能的结构抗风设计理论框架 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
提出了基于性能的结构抗风设计理论框架,将风压强度划分为4个设计风压等级(弱风压、中风压、强风压及超强风压),将人体振动舒适度划分为6个等级(无振感、轻微振感、中等振感、烦恼、非常烦恼和无法忍受)、三种振动水平(与人的舒适感相关的振动水平、与人正常工作和操作有关的振动水平、与人的生理健康直接相关的振动水平)。结合不同类别建筑物的性能需求及人体振动舒适度的要求,将结构风振性能水准划分为4种状态(性能健康、性能亚健康、性能病态及性能丧失),将结构风振性能目标划分为5个等级(A、B、C、D、E)。提出了结构抗风概念设计与计算分析的一般原则,给出了结构性能抗风安全性评价及社会经济评价基本内容的建议。 相似文献
905.
Developing Peak Discharges for Future Flood Risk Studies Using IPCC's CMIP5 Climate Model Results and USGS WREG Program
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Sivasankkar Selvanathan Mathini Sreetharan Krista Rand Dmitry Smirnov Janghwoan Choi Mathew Mampara 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(4):979-992
Extreme climate events, floods, and drought, cause huge impact on daily lives. In order to produce society resilient to extreme events, it is necessary to assess the impact of frequent and high intensity storm events on design parameters. This article describes a methodology to develop future peak “design discharges” throughout the United States that can be used as a guidance to map future floodplains. In order to develop a lower and upper limit for anticipated peak flow discharges, two future growth scenarios — Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)‐RCP 2.6 and 8.5 were identified as the weak and strong climate scenario respectively based on the output from the global climate models. The Generalized Least Square technique in United States Geological Survey's Weighted Multiple Regression (WREG) program was used to develop regression equations that relate peak discharges to basin and climate parameters of the contributing watershed. The design discharges reflect the most recent climate model results. Number of frost days, heavy rainfall days, high temperature days, and snow depth were found to be the common extreme climate parameters influencing the regression equations. This methodology can be extended to other flood frequency events if rainfall data is available. The future discharges can be utilized in hydraulics models to estimate floodplains that can assist in resilient infrastructure planning and outline climate change adaptation strategies. 相似文献
906.
Yvonne Andersson-Sköld Pascal Suer Ramona Bergman Helena Helgesson 《Local Environment》2016,21(1):85-104
A decision support tool aiming to facilitate discussion and transparency in land-use planning processes has been developed. It includes process steps initiating with an analysis of the current situation, identification of relevant actions and sustainability analysis steps. The sustainability was subdivided into human health and environment, resources, and social and economic impacts. The main difference between this risk analysis tool and others is the allowance of comparisons of present risks and consequences of measures early in the process. It also includes assessments from short- and long-term perspectives, such as taking into account climate change. It combines classic risk analysis with life-cycle assessment procedure. It has been developed and tested in co-operation with municipalities. The tests show that the tool is applicable and can be relevant in the planning process. It offers an iterative discussion framework that is systematic, condensed and yet a simplistic way of describing consequences. The criticism is that it is regarded as time demanding, but this can be managed by preparatory work. 相似文献
907.
Development and Comparison of Multiple Regression Models to Predict Bankfull Channel Dimensions for Use in Hydrologic Models
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Katrin Bieger Hendrik Rathjens Jeffrey G. Arnold Indrajeet Chaubey Peter M. Allen 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(6):1385-1400
Channel dimensions are important input variables for many hydrologic models. As measurements of channel geometry are not available in most watersheds, they are often predicted using bankfull hydraulic geometry relationships. This study aims at improving existing equations that relate bankfull width, depth, and cross‐sectional area to drainage area (DA) without limiting their use to well‐gauged watersheds. We included seven additional variables in the equations that can be derived from data that are generally required by hydrologic models anyway and conducted several multiple regression analyses to identify the ideal combination of additional variables for nationwide and regional models for each Physiographic Division of the United States (U.S.). Results indicate that including the additional variables in the regression equations generally improves predictions considerably. The selection of relevant variables varies by Physiographic Division, but average annual precipitation (PCP) and temperature (TMP) were generally found to improve the models the most. Therefore, we recommend using regression equations with three independent variables (DA, PCP, and TMP) to predict bankfull channel dimensions for hydrologic models. Furthermore, we recommend using the regional equations for watersheds within regions from which data were used for model development, whereas in all other parts of the U.S. and the rest of the world, the nationwide equations should be given preference. 相似文献
908.
农户环境认知、行为决策及其一致性检验——基于江苏农户调查的实证分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
农业环境的改善,关键在于农户。通过对江苏省206个农户样本的调查,考察了农户环境认知及行为决策状况,并对两者的一致性进行了检验。研究表明:在以总分为6分的认知问题中,得分在35分以下的农户占到了样本总量的787%,表明部分农户的环境认知程度比较低;在以总分为5分的行为决策问题中,得分在3分及以下的农户占到样本总量的563%,表明部分农户决策过程中对环境的考量不足;受教育程度对样本农户环境认知和决策都有显著的影响,农户环境认知与决策之间并不存在显著的因果性,土地面积、受教育程度、年龄、性别以及主要收入来源等变量对农户环境认知及行为决策影响的差异,在一定程度上解释了这种不一致性 相似文献
909.
对螺旋肋钢筋施加预应力,将其与碳纤维筋组合后,以不同的方式嵌入到混凝土梁受拉区混凝土保护层中,对混凝土梁进行加固,能显著提高混凝土梁的承载能力。在对承载能力试验结果做简单阐述的前提下,针对加固梁中多材料、多界面存在的客观现实,全面系统地分析了加固梁可能存在的破坏模式,且与试验梁的破坏模式进行对比,对不同加固方式加固的试验梁的破坏模式及破坏机理进行了分析。分析表明,多界面的存在严重影响了加固梁的承载力;不同的破坏界面,应对加固材料断面总内力采取不同的取值,在试验中应特别注意破坏界面的判别,否则计算结果会产生很大误差。 相似文献
910.
简述了我国造纸业现状及面临的环境压力,介绍了我国清洁生产现状及发展趋势。针对造纸业"消耗高、污染大、效率低"的问题,结合实际造纸行业案例,提出了相应的清洁生产工艺和方案,以及关于大力发展造纸业清洁生产、促进节能减排的建议。 相似文献