棉花VA菌根的形成与土壤几丁质酶活相关性的研究

盆栽条件下，对棉花ＶＡ菌根的形成与根区土壤中几丁质酶活的相关性及其动态变化的研究结果表明．接种ＶＡ菌根真菌Ｇｌｏｍｕｓｍｏｓｓｅａｅ形成的菌根可促进解几丁质微生物的增殖，并能诱导出较高的土壤几丁质酶活性．酶活增长与菌很感染率成正相关；接种ＶＡ菌根真菌的处理与未接种对照比较，差异显著或极显著．     

Beneficial effect of saprobe and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of Eucalyptus globulus co-cultured with Glycine max in soil contaminated with heavy metals

The effects of saprobe and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on growth, chlorophyll and N, P and K content of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. growing in soil contaminated by heavy metals in the presence or absence of Glycine max were investigated. Glomus mosseae and Glomus deserticola increased dry weight, shoot length, total N, P and K concentration and the quantity of chlorophyll in E. globulus shoots. The protection of Eucalyptus by AM fungi against the action of the heavy metals was more evident when this plant grew as an intercrop with soybean than as a monoculture. The presence of the saprobe fungi Fusarium concolor and Trichoderma koningii further enhanced shoot dry weight, N, P and K content of AM Eucalyptus. The co-inoculation of Eucalyptus with Glomus deserticola and T. koningii was more effective for Cd uptake. In addition, Glomus deserticola enhanced the amount of Pb absorbed by Eucalyptus plants. We showed that it is important to select the most efficient AM and saprobe fungi to stimulate plant growth in heavy-metal-contaminated soil and that the combination of both plays an important role in metal tolerance of Eucalyptus plants.     

Cu和Cd胁迫下接种外生菌根真菌对油松根际耐热蛋白固持重金属能力的影响

铜和镉是我国土壤重金属常见种类,生物固定过量重金属以降低其生理毒害是修复土壤重金属污染的有效方法之一.外生菌根能够通过分泌大量有机物质来降低土壤中重金属的生物有效性.在Cu或Cd胁迫下,外生菌根真菌接种油松幼苗根际分泌的耐热蛋白具有固持重金属的潜力.结果表明,纯培养条件下接种并没有增加耐热蛋白的分泌,但是在Cu或Cd的胁迫培养下,接种幼苗耐热蛋白的分泌量增加.不同Cu浓度处理下,接种油松幼苗总提取耐热蛋白(total thermostable protein,TTP)和易提取耐热蛋白(easily extracted thermostable protein,EETP)的分泌量为未接种油松的2.64~11.79倍;Cd处理下接种油松TTP和EETP的分泌量,分别是未接种油松的1.49~7.56倍.虽然Cu处理下无论是接种还是未接种,根际耐热蛋白和根系细胞中固持的总Cu量显著大于空白对照,但接种显著增加了根际的重金属固持量,其Cu总相对含量是未接种的1.81~2.75倍,且绝大部分重金属固持在耐热蛋白中,使得根际耐热蛋白中的Cu相对含量是根系细胞含量的4.19~43.00倍.Cd处理下也得到了相似的结论.说明接种菌根真菌促进了植物分泌耐热蛋白量,加强了根系对重金属的固持能力,从而达到减少过量重金属的生物有效性,缓解土壤重金属污染的目的.     

VA菌根对喀斯特草本群落植物根际养分影响研究

以贵州花江喀斯特高原生态综合治理试验示范区内草本群落阶段的几种主要植物为材料,对其根际微生态环境进行了研究,包括根际土壤化学性质、土壤酶活性和VA菌根侵染率及AMF孢子密度。结果表明：VA菌根侵染率和根际土壤中AMF孢子密度存在极显著正相关,相关系数达到0.97;不同植物根际土壤的化学指标和土壤酶活性均表现出较强的根际效应,即R/S〉1;VA菌根侵染率与pH值存在显著负相关,与有效磷质量分数存在极显著正相关,与碱性磷酸酶存在显著正相关,说明VA菌根能够促进土壤中难溶态磷往有效磷方向转化;AMF对宿主植物的侵染能够在一定程度上改善根际微生态环境的营养状况。     

Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the performance of floodplain Phragmites japonica under nutrient stress condition

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth, nutrient uptake, and inoculation effectiveness on Phragmites japonica. Spores of AMF strains (Gigaspora margarita Becker &; Hall) were collected from the commercial product ‘Serakinkon’. Four treatments, namely, natural soil (NS), natural soil inoculated by AM fungi, sterilised soil (SS) inoculated by AM fungi, and SS without AM fungi inoculation were selected to determine the effects of applied and indigenous AMF on P. japonica. The average colonisation level of P. japonica was 24–33%, whereas no colonisation was found in the SS. AMF colonisation increased the chlorophyll content (r?=?0.84, p?r?=?0.89, p?相似文献   

Effect of chemophytostabilization practices on arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization of Deschampsia cespitosa ecotype Waryński at different soil depths

The effects of chemophytostabilization practices on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) of Deschampsia cespitosa roots at different depths in soils highly contaminated with heavy metals were studied in field trials. Mycorrhizal parameters, including frequency of mycorrhization, intensity of root cortex colonization and arbuscule abundance were studied. Correlations between concentration of bioavailable Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in soil and mycorrhizal parameters were estimated. An increase in AM colonization with increasing soil depth was observed in soils with spontaneously growing D. cespitosa. A positive effect of chemophytostabilization amendments (calcium phosphate, lignite) on AM colonization was found in the soil layers to which the amendments were applied. Negative correlation coefficients between mycorrhizal parameters and concentration of bioavailable Cd and Zn in soil were obtained. Our results demonstrated that chemophytostabilization practices enhance AM colonization in D. cespitosa roots, even in soils fertilized with high rates of phosphorus.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

丛枝菌根真菌-植物联合修复石油污染土壤研究进展

丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)是由丛枝菌根真菌与植物根系所建立的一种互惠共生体,在自然界分布广泛,具有降解复杂有机污染物的能力.石油污染土壤中,利用土著的或外接的丛枝菌根真菌可以明显改善植物根际环境,提高土壤生物活性,从而加速土壤中石油污染物的降解.现有研究已证明丛枝菌根真菌修复石油污染土...     

大气对流层臭氧浓度升高下AM真菌对小麦生长的影响

利用中国唯一的开放式空气组分增高(free-air component enrichment,FACE)稻麦轮作试验平台,研究大气对流层O3浓度升高条件下接种外源AM真菌对小麦生长及土壤微生物生物量的影响.结果发现,O3浓度升高处理小麦苗期AM真菌侵染率有升高趋势,而从孕穗期起逐渐显示出对小麦生长的不利影响,收获时植株地上部生物量、株产与千粒重均显著下降(p0.05),分别降低22%、29%和9%,土壤微生物生物量N也下降了37%,但籽粒全N含量从2.2%显著提高到2.6%(p0.05).O3浓度升高条件下接种外源AM菌剂对小麦根系AM真菌侵染具有促进作用,孕穗期AM真菌侵染率与植株地上部生物量均显著高于不接种对照(p0.05),收获时植株受灾程度降低了50%,土壤微生物生物量N也显著升高(p0.05),虽然小麦产量没有提高,但籽粒全N含量下降到与当前O3浓度处理没有显著差异的水平上.结果表明,O3胁迫下小麦通过提高苗期AM真菌侵染来增强其抗胁迫能力,接种外源AM真菌可以促进小麦营养生长,并可通过改善根系分泌物等来提高土壤微生物生物量.     

Microecosystem Analysis of the Structure and Functions of Forest Biogeocenoses

The microecosystem approach and an adequate system of quantitative methods have been used to study the relationship between the chorologic changes in the structure and functions of edificator tree stand and other components of the pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest cenoecosystems of the Transural and Northern Turgai regions. Significant correlations of the density of pine undergrowth with the litter thickness; of its growth with root competition, stand closeness, and, to a lower degree, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); and of the numbers of small mammals and groups of soil mesofauna with herbaceous phytomass have been found. The possibility of the synthesis of population-ecological, synecological, and biogeocenological methods has been demonstrated.