Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza to soil quality in contrasting cropping systems

The aim of this study was to determine how the potential to rely on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) for plant nutrition differs between a conventional and a low-input cropping system in the long term. The roles of fertilisation rate, composting of recycled plant residues and stage of the rotations in the overall impact of the cropping systems on soil quality and AM were also identified. The conventional cropping system with a non-leguminous crop rotation (barley–barley–rye–oat–potato–oat) was fertilised at either full or half the recommended rate. In the low-input cropping system, one year with barley was replaced by clover, and oat was cultivated mixed with pea. Straw and clover were returned to the soil either with or without composting. In the low-input system, biotite and rock phosphate were used to compensate for K and P in the harvested yield, while animal manure was applied at the start only. After 15 years, crop growth and nutrition, AMF colonisation and soil quality were assessed in the field, while the AM contribution to growth and nutrient uptake were determined in a bioassay in a growth chamber. AM functioning made a higher contribution to soil quality in terms of crop performance and environmental benefits in the low-input cropping system than at either fertilisation rate in the conventional system. Halving fertilisation in the conventional system prevented some costs and enhanced some of the benefits of AM in comparison with full fertilisation. However, only the low-input system with composting conclusively favoured AM in comparison with the conventional system. It resulted in the highest percentage colonisation and, in a bioassay with flax and clover, gave a relative average contribution to growth of 27% and to P uptake of 68% in comparison with 4 and 36%, respectively, for the conventional cropping system with full fertilisation. Rye yield was in the low-input system without composting similar to that in the conventional system with full fertilisation, and with composting 87% of the latter one. Incorporation of clover green manure without composting inhibited AM functioning, leading to a temporary loss of AM contribution to crop performance. This effect draws attention to the impact of the form of recycled organic matter on supporting ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling.     

三种除草剂对VA菌根真菌的侵染和植物生长的影响

用不灭菌的壤质黄潮土,在盆栽条件下研究了三种除草剂对VA菌根侵染和植物生长的影响。结果表明,三种除草剂的影响程度依次为绿麦隆>二甲四氯>氟乐灵;对菌根侵染的影响只出现在植物生长早期。接种VA菌根后,菌根侵染率、植物生长量、氮磷吸收量都显著大于不接种的对照植物。     

丛枝菌根菌丝对重金属元素Zn和Cd吸收的研究

丛枝菌根菌丝对重金属元素Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ吸收的研究陶红群李晓林张俊伶（中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京１０００９４）关键词丛枝菌根；锌；镉．近年来，由于工业排放及一些农业措施（如污灌等）造成许多土壤中重金属元素的污染．其中锌和镉是两个较为重要的重金属污染...     

接种丛枝菌根对鬼针草吸收煤矿区土壤重金属的影响

以广东梅州明山煤矿尾矿区土著先锋植物鬼针草(Bidens bipinnata)为研究对象,开展3种黄土与煤矸石基质配比条件下根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices BGC BJ09)(A1)、摩西球囊霉(G.mosseae BGC NM01A)(A2)、摩西球囊霉(G.mosseae BGC HEB07B)(A3)和地表球囊霉(G.versiforme BGC GD01C)(A4)这4种丛枝菌根真菌接种对土壤重金属的吸收对比研究。结果表明,从宿主生物量、菌根侵染率及侵染强度、孢子密度、根系活力来看,A4是最适合鬼针草的菌种。与对照(4种菌剂混合后灭菌)相比,A1可显著促进地上部Cd吸收;4种菌根对Cu和Mn的吸收-排斥效应均不显著,但接种A3对地下部Cu和Mn以及接种A4对地下部Mn的移除量显著增加;接种4种菌根处理的Ni移除量均显著增加。接种菌根且覆土少(2 cm厚黄土覆于9 cm厚煤矸石上)的处理植株生物量均高于不接种且覆土厚(7 cm厚黄土覆于4 cm厚煤矸石上)的处理,说明接种菌根具有抵消由于覆土少而导致的植株生物量降低的潜力,极大地节约复垦费用。