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131.
132.
Humberto?D.?RosaEmail author Jorge?Marques?Da?Silva 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2005,18(2):107-130
Natura 2000 is a network of natural sites whose aim is to preserve species and habitats of relevance in the European Union. The policy underlying Natura 2000 has faced widespread opposition from land users and received extensive support from environmentalists. This paper addresses the ethical framework for Natura 2000 and the probable moral assumptions of its main stakeholders. Arguments for and against Natura 2000 were analyzed and classified according to “strong” or “weak” versions of the three main theories of environmental ethics – anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism. Weak (intergenerational) anthropocentrism was found to underlie the Natura 2000 network itself and the positions of environmentalists, while strong (traditional) anthropocentrism pervaded the positions of economic developers. Land users seemed to fall somewhere between weak and strong anthropocentrism. The paper discusses the relation between ethics and different attitudes towards Natura 2000, highlighting some of the implications for the network’s ongoing implementation. It is shown that Natura 2000 achieves a strong reversal of the burden of proof from conservation to economic development and land use change under anthropocentrism. It is argued that the alleged theoretical divide between anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism in relation to the burden of proof does not seem to hold in practice. Finally, it is predicted that the weak versions of anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism, are likely to converge extensively in respect to nature conservation policy measures.“Charting the depths of law and policy disputes yield an understanding of ethical differences.” Paul B. Thompson (2002, p. 189). 相似文献
133.
灾害易损性研究的回顾与展望 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
近十余年来,易损性研究成为灾害学术研究和国际社会发展减灾策略的一个主题.本文概述了易损性研究的历史发展过程,评述了易损性的三类概念,总结了易损性的四个性质,阐述了易损性识别和测量的一些基本理念和方法,指出了易损性分析在灾害研究和减灾防灾中的积极意义. 相似文献
134.
刘敬禹 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2002,12(3):30-33
本文通过对城市水环境的形成以及加强水环境建设对整个城市建设舒适度的影响和作用的剖析,试着引用了一种国际上较为流行的对河流综合整治的方法,对秦皇岛城市水环境建设提出了一点建议。 相似文献
135.
136.
In this case study of a degraded tropical landscape, we examine how the protected area system in Hong Kong, China, should be modified to improve its efficiency in protecting the surprisingly rich biota. The challenge lies in the fine scale of site selection, and the absence of a core area with high species richness and rarity. Site selection was first conducted in 1 km grid units by selecting hotspots and irreplaceable sites using field records for eight groups of species (amphibians, reptiles, mammals, breeding birds, ants, butterflies, dragonflies and rare vascular plants). The habitats of conservation value within the selected grid units were then delineated on the basis of expert knowledge. Recommendations for increasing the total existing protected area by 6% (i.e. an additional 2% of Hong Kong's total land area) were submitted to the Government in August 2000. To test the robustness of the results, site selection was repeated in 2001 using updated data and different selection methods. The numbers of squares selected by complementarity-based algorithms were similar to those by the hotspots and irreplaceable site method. Sites selected for rare species were very sensitive to data completeness, implying that the application of complementarity-based algorithms at fine scales might be limited. 相似文献
137.
For characterisation of landscapes in north-eastern Estoniaaffected by alkaline oil shale fly ash and cement dust the zonation-method based on average annual (C
y) and short-termconcentrations of pollutants in the air was used, as well as on deposition loads of dust and Ca2+. In the overground layer of atmosphere the zones with different air pollution loads were distinguished. A comparative analysis of pollution zones characteristics and biomonitoring data revealed that for sensitive lichen the dangerous level of alkaline dust in the air, introducingthe degradation of Sphagnum sp. at the level of C
y of dust 10–20 g m-3 and at 0.5–1 hr maximums 100–150 g m-3. For Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) this limited concentration (decline of growth parameters) of cement dust is correspondingly following: 30–50 g m-3 and 150–500 g m-3, in case of fly ash the limit level of C
y amounting 100 g m-3. Daily deposition load of Ca2+ should not exceed approximately 4.5–15 mg m-2 for lichen; for conifers the harmful pollution load is higher – >22 mg m-2. 相似文献
138.
Tema Milstein Mariko Thomas Jeff Hoffmann 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2019,13(1):104-117
In this unprecedented era of anthropogenic ecological destruction, this study illustrates inadequacies in conceptual language available in Western settings to think deeply and holistically about “nature.” At the same time, the study illustrates transformative potential of moments of ecocultural reflexivity. Using free write methodology, we examine ways participants in the United States, New Zealand, and Australia articulate what they mean when they say “nature.” We interpret participant streams of consciousness as representative of a wider Western river-way, a channel of dominant, multiple, and contradictory meanings in continuous movement. We identify conceptual obstructions that provide glimpses into ways Western ecological relations are bounded and dammed by binary, fragmented, and unconsidered meanings. Yet reflexivity in the face of such obstructions, and in potent ecocultural side streams of childhood remembering and ecocentric cosmology, provides some participants a lucid flow of regenerative narratives at a time such shared stories are urgently needed. 相似文献
139.
Desirée Schmuck Jörg Matthes Brigitte Naderer Maren Beaufort 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2018,12(3):414-429
Following Hartmann and Apaolaza-Ibáñez’ [(2009). Green advertising revisited. Conditioning virtual nature experiences. International Journal of Advertising, 28(4), 715–739] approach, this experimental study compares the effects of three types of green print ads: a non-green ad, a functional green ad promoting environmental product attributes, and a combined nature ad featuring a pleasant nature image in addition to functional attributes. We extend prior research by simultaneously testing moderating and mediating mechanisms to explain brand attitudes and purchase intention. Using a quota sample of 456 consumers, findings suggest that the functional ad enhances perceptions of environmental brand benefits, which positively affect purchase intention partially mediated by brand attitudes. The combined nature ad, by contrast, activates an additional emotional process of virtually experiencing nature which positively influences brand attitudes and purchase intention beyond perceptions of environmental brand benefits. The effects of the combined nature ad are even stronger for highly involved consumers. 相似文献
140.
在大量野外工作的基础上 ,分析了徐州市的自然保护区建设现状 ,提出了建设策略 相似文献