Combining culturomic sources to uncover trends in popularity and seasonal interest in plants

Culturomic tools enable the exploration of trends in human–nature interactions, although they entail inherent biases and necessitate careful validation. Furthermore, people may engage with nature across different culturomic data sets differently. We evaluated people's digital interest and engagement with plant species based on Wikipedia and Google data and explored the conservation implications of these temporal interest patterns. As a case study, we explored the digital footprints of the most popular plant species in Israel. We analyzed 4 years of daily page views from Hebrew Wikipedia and 10 years of daily Google search volume in Israel. We modeled popularity of plant species in these 2 data sets based on a suite of plant attributes. We further explored the seasonal trends of people's interest in each species. We found differences in how people interacted digitally with plants in Wikipedia and Google. Overall, in Google, searches for species that have utility to humans were more common, whereas in Wikipedia, plants that serve as cultural emblems received more attention. Furthermore, in Google, popular species attracted more attention over time, opposite to the trend in Wikipedia. In Google, interest in species with short bloom duration exhibited more pronounced seasonal patterns, whereas in Wikipedia, seasonality of interest increased as bloom duration increased. Together, our results suggest that people's digital interactions with nature may be inherently different depending on the sources explored, which may affect use of this information for conservation. Although culturomics holds much promise, better understanding of its underpinnings is important when translating insights into conservation actions.     

东三省国家自然保护区管理现状调查及分析

对辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省（简称东三省）51个国家级自然保护区人类活动情况进行了实地考察,并对自然保护区的建’设和管理情况进行了调研。针对调研情况,为加强东三省国家级自然保护区管理工作的顺利进行,提出了相应的建议。     

Citizens of local jurisdictions enhance plant community preservation through ballot initiatives and voter-driven conservation efforts

Open space areas protected by local communities may augment larger scale preservation efforts and may offer overlooked benefits to biodiversity conservation provided they are in suitable ecological condition. We examine protected areas established by local communities through ballot initiatives, a form of direct democracy, in California, USA. We compare ecological conditions of wooded habitats on local ballot protected sites and on sites protected by a state-level conservation agency. Collectively, we found few differences in ecological conditions on each protected area type. Ballot sites had greater invasive understory cover and larger trees. Community dissimilarity patterns suggested ballot sites protect a complementary set of tree species to those on state lands. Overall, geographic characteristics influenced onsite conditions more than details of how sites were protected. Thus, community-driven conservation efforts contribute to protected area networks by augmenting protection of some species while providing at least some protection to others that might otherwise be missed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01469-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

城区天然气管道泄漏数值模拟与爆炸危害分析

在人口密度为三级和四级的城区内,密集的高建筑物对天然气管道泄漏后的扩散和流场形成产生重要影响。本文以某城市的实际情况为例,建立多建筑物的空间几何模型,采用k-ε湍流方程,SIMPLE算法,模拟了在三种不同风流速度、三种不同压力条件下,城区天然气管道泄漏气体在多建筑物地形中的扩散情况。根据模拟结果,依据天然气的爆炸极限,对模拟结果及其火灾爆炸危害的范围进行了对比分析。结果表明,CH4气体的泄漏扩散同时受管道压力、风流速度和周围建筑物的影响;同时受当地风速的影响,泄漏气柱在风流作用下会发生偏折,造成阻挡风流的建筑物内侧危险气体浓度升高,大大增加建筑物周围环境的危险性。研究结果对城区天然气管道的建设具有一定的指导意义。     

关于我国环境保护投资的界定与思考

对比分析了国内外环保投资范围的界定原则,解析了环保投资的内涵,从环保投资的性质、目的和内涵等方面提出了环保投资的界定原则。研究表明,目前我国环保投资统计口径比较混乱,环保投资虚高,且投资结构不尽合理,资金使用效率不高,造成污染治理和生态恢复速度一直滞后于环境污染和生态破坏速度。建议明晰环保投资定位,优化投资结构,明确投资范围,统一统计口径,拓宽投资融资渠道,保障投资金额,加强投资监管,提高投资使用效率,解决现有环境问题。     

白水江国家自然保护区野生中药材资源现状研究——基于保护区白马河保护站管辖区的实地调查

通过实地考察、问卷调查和半结构式访谈,对白水江国家自然保护区白马河保护站管辖区的野生中药材资源现状进行了研究.结果表明,项目区共有野生中药材88种,隶属于39科82属,主要采集种有14种,其中社区居民经常采集的有10种.这10种中药材的蕴藏量在2006-2010年间呈下降趋势,但下降幅度在减小;采集量和交易量逐年下降,而收购价格则逐年攀升.     

湖南省湿地自然保护区管理评价

从基本管理、长期管理、资金支持、社区共管4个主要方面制定了管理有效性评价的13项评价标准,对湖南省目前6个湿地类型自然保护区进行评估。研究表明,这些保护区在渔业资源保护方面起到了重要作用,但其面临着经费紧缺、基础设施不足和社区参与薄弱等诸多问题。     

江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区资源开发的阈值管理

通过分析主要保护对象丹顶鹤的越冬需求和资源开发活动对丹顶鹤及其生境的干扰,提出了针对保护区资源开发的阈值管理技术.设置允许适度开发、限制开发和禁止开发3种准入类型;准入区域限定在实验区内,面积应小于保护区总面积的1/10,且不大于实验区面积的1/3;准入时间上,根据丹顶鹤的越冬需求,确定每年9月末至次年2月末为限制利用期,3月初至次年9月末为适度利用期;停止新的滩涂围垦和风力发电项目建设,大力发展生态旅游.     

建立新疆喀拉峻自然保护区的思考

喀拉峻草原被联合国专家誉为“无与伦比的世界最美草原”,是世界自然遗产《中国新疆天山》的组成部分。该地有着完整的垂直自然景观带,是天山中部北坡典型代表地段之一,是原始西天山五花草甸草原和野生珍稀动植物的基因库,建立喀拉峻自然保护区有深远的科学及生态经济价值。     

Exploring the co-benefits (and costs) of home gardening for biodiversity conservation

ABSTRACT

Despite growing evidence pointing to the multiple benefits of home gardening, few studies have considered the health and well-being benefits perceived by gardeners who are principally motivated by biodiversity conservation (i.e. home gardening for biodiversity conservation). This study explores the environmental, social and economic co-benefits (and costs) of home gardening for biodiversity conservation in the City of Winnipeg, Canada. A total of 42 semi-structured interviews (30–60?min each) were conducted with 50 home gardeners who were formally certified or locally recognised for undertaking multiple gardening activities that promote biodiversity conservation. Thematic analysis revealed that study participants self-reported a range of environmental, psychological, physiological and social outcomes associated with their home gardening experiences. Despite home gardening often being a solitary activity, most gardeners valued the multiple forms of social interaction that occurred during important social events in their garden, or when connecting with passers-by. Home gardeners also cited benefits related to connection to nature and place attachment; attention restoration; reduced stress and anxiety; improved mood; satisfaction and pride; increased self-esteem and courage to do things differently in life; and, important education or learning opportunities. However, conflicts relating to the nexus between biodiversity and perceived tidiness of gardens emerged, which raise important ethical and social justice issues for sustainability planning. We compare key insights to the benefits (and costs) of community gardening and make some recommendations for future research, including how to engage more disadvantaged groups in gardening for conservation.