模糊数学在辽宁省海洋自然保护区资源现状综合评价中的应用

本文将模糊数学中的加权评分法和层次分析法引入辽宁省海洋自然保护区资源现状综合评价之中，通过构造判断矩阵，计算出各要素相对重要性排序，评价结果用总得分表示，使得评介结果简洁、明了。     

环保市场被动需求问题解决的探讨

企业经营的目的是追求自身收益的最大化。其排放的污染物超过了环境自身的净化能力,造成的环境污染对整个人类社会都有不利的外部影响,从而不能使总的社会纯收益最大化,影响了整个人类社会整体的发展。由于各方面因素的影响,国家行政手段不能充分发挥作用。单纯依靠市场机制,也不能达到最优污染水平,必须与国家行政干预相结合。通过实际案例的介绍,阐述了如何利用市场机制更有效地发挥政府对企业的监督作用。     

我国自然保护区生态旅游发展的存在问题及对策

我国自然保护区目前正处于高速发展过程中,同时由于人口众多、环境压力巨大等因素,我国保护区也面临了资金投入不足等问题,而合理地开展自然保护区生态旅游则是解决保护区发展存在问题的重要手段之一。文章通过详细分析我国自然保护区生态旅游概念、功能、特点及开展方式,总结了目前存在的不足和问题,提出了具体的建议对策。     

IUCN保护区分类系统与中国自然保护区分类标准的比较

通过对世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)和我国分类系统的比较,提出应该根据我国生物多样性、自然及其相关文化资源保护和维持的现状及特点,参照IUCN保护区分类系统,尽快制定出我国新的保护区分类系统。新分类系统应该以保护区主要管理目标为基本依据,同时综合考虑保护对象的特点及人类干扰程度来确定保护区类型,从而促进保护区的规范管理和进一步发展,实现自然保护与可持续发展的双重目标。     

Application of function analysis to bathing areas in the Maltese Islands

On a small island such as Malta where many developers and policy makers place a large emphasis on social use and develoment values, which encourages recreational/industrial development, it is often hard to promote the monetary value of coastal conservation due to strong competition with the large tourism industry. An assessment of the ecological (conservation) and economic (use/development) values of four popular Maltese bathing areas (Mellieha, St. George’s, Ramla and Ghajn Tuffieha Bay) was carried out by evaluating their ability to provide a number of functions. This is dependent on the environments’ inherent characteristics within the context of locally applicable time and space functions. Function Analysis is an innovative technique able to provide a means for assessing changes in environmental quality of an area and evaluating the sustainability of applied management regimes. This paper is a first example of an application of the Functional Analysis approach in Malta. Local application of this technique indicates a need for additional refinement in application to coastal areas. Analysis showed that St. George’s, had the lowest conservation value, Ramla and Ghajn Tuffieha bay had the highest conservation values, Mellieha Bay had high conservation value and use/development potential. In this context, conservation value is understood to reflect values of biodiversity, information/knowledge and environmental quality.     

中国部分自然保护区生物物种数量与面积之间关系的研究

分析了中国部分自然保护区面积与生物物种(动物和植物)之间的关系;其次讨论了动物与植物以及动物与动物物种数量间的关系.结果表明,我国部分自然保护区的面积多数偏小,鸟类、哺乳类、种子植物、爬行类、昆虫和两栖类等与其面积的相关关系依次减弱;其植物种数与鸟类种数的作用影响最大、关系最密切;两栖类与各类动物之间以及鸟类与各类动物之间的物种数目呈显著的相关关系;两栖类与昆虫类为负作用影响;鸟类与两栖类和爬行类以及哺乳类与两栖类为最大的正作用影响.     

Statistical selection of perimeter-area models for patch mosaics in multiscale landscape analysis

This paper presents a statistical method for detecting distinct scales of pattern for mosaics of irregular patches, by means of perimeter–area relationships. Krummel et al. (1987) were the first to develop a method for detecting different scaling domains in a landscape of irregular patches, but this method requires investigator judgment and is not completely satisfying. Grossi et al. (2001) suggested a modification of Krummel's method in order to detect objectively the change points between different scaling domains. Their procedure is based on the selection of the best piecewise linear regression model using a set of statistical tests. Even though the change points were estimated, the null distributions used for testing purposes were those appropriate for known change points. The present paper investigates the effect that estimating the change points has on the underlying distribution theory. The procedure we suggest is based on the selection of the best piecewise linear regression model using a likelihood ratio (LR) test. Each segment of the piecewise linear model corresponds to a fractal domain. Breakpoints between different segments are unknown, so the piecewise linear models are non-linear. In this case, the frequency distribution of the LR statistic cannot be approximated by a chi-squared distribution. Instead, Monte Carlo simulation is used to obtain an empirical null distribution of the LR statistic. The suggested method is applied to three patch types (CORINE biotopes) located in the Val Baganza watershed of Italy.     

闽西梅花山自然保护区环境质量研究

通过对闽西梅花山自然保护区水体、大气、土壤环境质量的采样、分析，查明了保护区三大环境要素水、气、土中污染物的含量，结果表明，该保护区的核心区基本未受人类活动的影响，其环境质量接近自然本底值。     

天然湿地生态系统评价技术研究进展

当前湿地科学已成为世界各国研究重点,其中湿地评价技术是热点之一。文章回顾了国内外河口、河流和湖库湿地生态系统评价指标体系、湿地生态环境质量现状及脆弱性及其生态系统健康评价技术、湿地生态系统功能、效益、价值评价技术研究现状以及新技术在上述这些领域中的应用。这些研究多是针对常规环境条件下小空间尺度、单一类型或单一动力作用下的湿地生态系统功能、效益和环境质量方面的评价。在此基础上,考虑宏观尺度上湿地生态系统与其周围生态系统的相互作用以及非常规环境条件下湿地生态系统的响应机制,提出完善天然湿地生态系统评价技术需要发展的几个方面,包括湿地-河流生态系统评价、湿地生态系统对临近区域及其子系统可持续发展的影响评价、湿地生态系统反馈评价以及极端条件下湿地生态系统评价技术。     

雅鲁藏布江中部地区生物多样性保护规划

由于独特的高原气候和错综复杂的地形地貌，雅鲁藏布江中部地区物种资源异常丰富，生态系统类型多样，具有很高的保护价值和利用价值。本文在该区物种资源和生态系统调查的基础上，提出了保护生物多样性的规划意见。