Plant cover synanthropization in the pechora-Ilych biosphere reserve along an altitudinal gradient

Trends in plant cover synanthropization along a plain-foothills-mountains gradient have been revealed in the reserve. Characteristics of plant communities in anthropogenically disturbed habitats, centers of concentration of anthropophytes and apophytes, and pathways of their migration are described.     

Relict communities and populations of petrophilous plant species in northern regions of Sverdlovsk oblast and problems in their conservation

An inventory of rock vegetation has been taken in river valleys on the eastern slope of the southern part of the Northern Urals and the northern part of the Middle Urals. New habitats of some rare plant species, relict communities of forest-steppe species at the northern limit of their distribution, and ultrasmall populations of petrophilous species growing in isolation for a long time have been revealed. In studies on a group of similar specially protected areas (e.g., within river valleys), it is proposed to identify key sites distinguished by the highest species richness of vegetation     

晚清时期湖北自然灾害的治理及其经验教训

针对湖北独特的地理水文环境和历史时期湖北自然灾害发生的情况来具体地考察晚清时期湖北治理自然灾害的情况及对现今湖北治理灾害存在的借鉴要素。利用地方志等文献资料,从历史的角度着手,运用历史学、地理学、灾害学等理论来综合研究晚清时期湖北各种自然灾害发生的类型、特点、破坏湖北社会经济发展的情况以及清政府所采取的治理灾害措施等。晚清政府虽然针对境内自然灾害发生的特点采取了许多措施,但因受多种因素的制约没有取得预期效果,但为现今治理湖北的自然灾害提供了治理自然灾害必须在稳定的社会环境中科学规划部署,有系统地进行;要建立赈济结合的有效机制;加强生态环境建设等经验教训。     

自然·水·人

人类社会向前发展,人向自然界的索取不断增加,对自然的干扰也逐步加剧,致使自然界的承受能力受到影响,人与自然的关系出现紧张。为此,人必须处理好与自然的关系,以免人的生存环境受到威胁。水是自然界的重要因素,和人的生存与人类社会的发展关系密切。由于用水量不断增加和用水不当,一些地区出现水资源危机,人在和水旱灾害进行抗争中,也出现了由于措施不当带来的人为加大灾害的问题。因此,人必须在处理好与自然关系的框架中,认真处理好与水的关系,以保障水资源的永续利用和人类社会的可持续发展。     

Locating Co-presence in Media Messages about Global Warming

This paper responds to recent calls for alternative approaches to the analysis of environmental communication that uncover overlooked voices in the discussion of environmental issues. Borrowing core principles from critical rhetoric, it suggests a way to categorize media messages according to how human–nature relationships are constructed in media discourse. The paper illustrates how, in presenting contrasting and often oppositional constructions of human–nature relationships, the media messages examined articulate three recurrent (but not equal) discourses on global warming. These discourses include (1) nature-as-out-of-reach discourse, (2) nature-as-antagonist discourse, and (3) nature-as-co-present discourse. By juxtaposing these discourses, the paper shows how environmental communication scholars can engage in critical realism and political advocacy to illuminate latent public discourse that holds the potential to champion marginalized voices of nature and accentuate the interconnectedness of humans and the environment.     

自然保护区价值评判方法

本文以典型性或代表性、稀有性、脆弱性、多样性、面积大小、天然性、感染力、环境和资源保护价值、科学价值、文化价值等为自然保护区价值的评判指标,运用模糊数学理论,初步建立了由单指标评判和多系统-多指标综合评判二级构成的自然保护区价值评判体系。这两级评判结果均能应用于自然保护区的分类、等级的确定之中,对优化我国自然保护区的布局、加强自然保护区建设和管理都具有重要意义。     

我国自然保护区有效管理评价指标研究

本文根据我国自然保护区建设速度较快但管理水平较低的现状，在多年调查研究的基础上，提出制定自然保护区有效管理评价标准的必要性，并详细阐述了在保护区管理条件、管理措施、科研基础和管理成效等四个方面的评价内容，提出１３项评价指标，进而作了详细的评分等级划分，提出一套评价全国自然保护区管理质量的指标体系，为全国自然保护区管理的监督检查提供了一套简便适用、易于操作的评判标准。     

Mass-dependent take-off ability in wintering great tits (Parus major): comparison of top-ranked adult males and subordinate juvenile females

When birds are attacked by predators, initial take-off is crucial for survival. Theoretical studies have predicted that predation risk in terms of impaired flight ability increases with body weight. However, studies in which attacks were simulated, and within-individual daily changes in body weight were used to test mass-dependent take-off outside migration period, have so far failed to show an effect of mass on velocity. In this field study I compared the mass/velocity relationships of alarmed adult male and juvenile female great tits, Parus major. Fattening strategies differ among members of the dominance-structured basic flocks of wintering great tits, and dominant individuals often carry significantly less amount of fat reserves than subordinates. Since the range of body weight gain/loss is the least among dominant males, it was expected that impaired flight ability is more likely in lower-ranked female great tits. The results show that the birds differed significantly in their daily increase of relative body weight. Average daily weight increase of adult males was 6.2%, while it was 12.2% in juvenile females. Males were faster than females at take-off both at dawn and at dusk. Flight velocity of males did not differ significantly between dawn and dusk, whereas females took off at a significantly lower speed at dusk than at dawn. The results suggest that the larger fat reserves of subordinate females needed to increase their chances of overwinter survival probably place them at increased risk of predation. Electronic Publication     

大理苍山洱海自然保护区旅游与环境可持续发展规划的研究

苍山洱海是国家级自然保护区，同时又是国家级风景名胜区，由于旅游业的开展而引发的环境、生态问题日趋突出。针对客观实际，在保护和开发并举的原则下，对该区域的旅游区、旅游模式等进行了规划，提出了旅游区域的环境保护指标、旅游容量，同时制定了相应的管理措施