无锡市水源地致嗅物质调查及原因分析

运用吹扫捕集及固相微萃取前处理方法,采用气相色谱-质谱法建立无锡水源地中致嗅物质谱库,调查分析了2009年无锡市饮用水水源地水体中致嗅物质的组成和浓度水平,并对饮用水源地水中致嗅物质进行成因分析.     

吸附浓缩/热脱附--空气中挥发性有机物分析前处理技术

论述了吸附浓缩／热脱附技术的特点、吸附剂的种类及其选择、热脱附仪以及吸附浓缩／热脱附技术的应用等方面。     

沉积物中双酚类化合物的测定

通过前处理与检测条件的全面优化,建立了一种同时实现环境沉积物中9种痕量双酚类化合物的加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱/三重四极杆质谱(HPLC/MSMS)检测方法。沉积物样品先采用甲醇作为溶剂,在70℃条件下进行加速溶剂萃取,萃取液约100 mL,加入甲酸调节pH约为2.5,再经Oasis型HLB固相萃取柱富集与净化,该过程可将沉积物的基质效应控制在85%～95%之间。9种目标化合物在0.05～25.0μg/L(以双酚AF计)范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r>0.999,检出限为0.01～0.25μg/kg,加标回收率为62%～122%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～12.7%。     

生物膜反应器降解生物质气化洗焦废水

陶瓷球作为固定介质 ,接种本实验室保藏的Pseudomonassp1和Pseudomonassp2混合菌种 ,应用生物膜反应器处理生物质气化过程中产生的洗焦废水 ,对反应器运转整个过程的进出水COD浓度、进出水苯、萘、菲、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉的含量、反应器内和反应器出水含菌量进行测定 ,以了解生物膜反应器处理生物质气化洗焦废水的特性 .结果表明 ,反应器经挂膜、增菌后 ,可达到稳定运转状态 ,有效的控制了反应器内微生物细胞的流失 ,使生物质气化洗焦废水中的有机物得到较好去除 .     

含氟有机化合物优势降解菌的筛选

从受含氟有机物长期污染的污泥中驯化筛选得到7株优势降解菌,可利用氟代有机化合物为唯一碳源生长。取其中2株菌进行生物忍耐力及生物降解实验,结果表明:菌株对含氟有机物有较强的忍受能力,在浓度高达1000mg/L的条件下仍能生长;生物降解实验中全氟辛酸可被筛选菌脱氟降解。     

微电解处理间二硝基苯生产废水的研究

采用微电解—混凝沉淀工艺对间二硝基苯生产废水进行预处理。确定了最佳工艺参数;pH为3,停留时间为60min,铁碳比为2∶3。经处理后间二硝基苯生产废水的生化性大大提高,废水中硝基苯的去除率可达到70％以上。     

Occurrence of persistent organic pollutants in sediments and biota from Portugal versus European incidence: A critical overview

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are widespread compounds, such as organohalogenated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides, which can be found in all types of environmental compartments. Their presence in the aquatic environment is a worldwide problem, with emphasis on sediments which act as depository and consequently as a source of hydrophobic, recalcitrant and harmful compounds. Besides, these pollutants might affect the reproduction and mortality of living organisms, diverging in their potential to bioaccumulate in tissues. The present paper aims to review the occurrence of POPs in sediments and biota from the coastal, estuarine and river areas of Portugal. The list of the studied compounds comprises organohalogenated compounds, PAHs, organometallic compounds, pesticides, sterols, fatty acids and pharmaceutical compounds. The contamination of sediments by various pollutants is presented, such as PAHs up to 7,350 ng g^?1 found in Sado estuary and polychlorinated biphenyls up to 62.2 ng g^?1 in the case of sediments collected in Ria de Aveiro. The occurrence of these persistent toxic substances in sediments demonstrates aquatic contamination from agricultural, industrial and urban discharges and the concern about the potential risks to aquatic organisms, wildlife and humans. In fact, several classes of POPs have also been found in biota, such as polychlorinated biphenyls up to 810.9 ng g^?1 in sentinel fish from the Douro River estuary and pesticides in bivalves from the Sado River estuary. The importance of further systematic research on sediments and biota is here highlighted to compare the contamination of these two reservoirs; to assess their spatial and temporal variation; and to determine other classes of POPs that were not investigated yet (e.g., industrial compounds, estrogens and many classes of pharmaceuticals).     

Comparision of China’s volatile organic compound pollution management: a computable general equilibrium approach

The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound (VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China, arousing increasing attention to emissions control. In this context, this paper analyses the effectiveness of VOC reduction policies, namely pollution charges and environmental taxes at the national and industrial sector levels. It uses a computable general equilibrium model, which connects macroeconomic variables with VOC emissions inventory, to simulate the effects of policy scenarios (with 2007 as the reference year). This paper shows that VOC emissions are reduced by 2.2% when a pollution charge equal to the average cost of engineering reduction methods – the traditional approach to regulation in China – is applied. In order to achieve a similar reduction, an 8.9% indirect tax would have to be imposed. It concludes that an environmental tax should be the preferred method of VOC regulation due to its smaller footprint on the macroeconomy. Other policies, such as subsidies, should be used as supplements.     

微氧环境下硝基苯废水的处理效果

采用微氧条件下的序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)处理硝基苯废水。研究结果表明,在水力停留时间(HRT)为24h,曝气量为600mL/min的条件下,反应器对硝基苯的平均去除率为100.00%,对其共存污染物COD、氨氮也有较好的去除效果,平均去除率分别为97.78%和78.55%,对TN和TP的去除效果相对较差,其平均去除率仅为24.18%和19.09%。气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析表明,硝基苯降解的主要中间产物为苯胺,说明反应器中硝基苯首先是通过还原途径降解为苯胺,苯胺再进一步被降解为CO2、H2O和NH3。考察了不同曝气量(200、400、600mL/min)条件对处理效果的影响,结果表明,曝气量的降低直接导致了反应器中DO浓度的降低,导致COD、苯胺的去除效果变差。曝气量由600 mL/min降低至200 mL/min,COD平均去除率由97.78%降低至82.09%,出水苯胺平均质量浓度由0mg/L升至15.04mg/L。     

反硝化脱硫菌的代谢特征及其环境应用研究进展

反硝化脱硫菌(NR-SOB)是一种具有同步硝酸盐还原和硫氧化能力的功能微生物。探讨了NR-SOB的代谢特征及其影响因素,并对它在废水处理,防腐,天然气、工业废气脱硫方面的应用进行了综述。最后,还指出了今后NR-SOB在环境应用方面的研究方向。