聚苯乙烯磺酰肼基二硫代甲酸盐树脂的制备及其除卤效果初探

由卤代次甲基化合物标样分别民对甲苯代磺酸钾、对甲苯亚磺酸钠及对甲苯磺酰在二硫代甲酸进行反应,发现化合物３与标样反应最快,因此,通过三步反频将该基因接枝到聚苯乙烯白球上,     

二氧化氯对水中酚类化合物的去除效果

本文采用模拟水厂混凝沉淀－过滤处理工艺,进行了ＣｌＯ２投量和投加点对水中酚类化合物的去除效果试验研究,并与液氯做了对比,结果表明,ＣｌＯ２对酚类化合物的去除效果优于液氯,且后投ＣｌＯ２的效果好于中间投和预投ＣｌＯ２,双层滤料过滤好于单层滤料,这为ＣｌＯ２在饮用水中的应用提供了科学依据。     

聚苯乙烯基硫代磺酸钾树脂对水中卤代物的选择性结构分析

本文用聚苯乙烯基硫代磺酸钾树脂为选择性试剂与水中卤代物作用,排除水体中其它化合物对结构分析的干扰,采用动态恒温柱法及Ｃ－１８柱富集法作为该反应发生的途径,结果表明：前一种途径的检测结果由样品反应活性决定,而后者检测结果还受到萃取率的影响,两种方法均可达到１０－２０ｍｇ·ｌ＾－１的检测水平。     

Rapid determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration

A rapid, simple and sensitive method was demonstrated for the determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration. With the presence of sulfuric acid, phenol could be transferred into a nitroso-compound by reacting with NaNO2. The titration end-point was obtained by the formation of a sharp cut in the oscillopolarographic with infinitesimal NaNO2 on double platinum electrodes. The results showed that phenol concentration had an excellent linear relationship over the range of 4.82×10-6-9.65×10-3 mol/L, the RSD of the proposed method was lower than 1.5%, and the spiked recoveries of three real water samples were in the range of 95.6%-106.9%.     

Determination of alcohol compounds using corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry

Ion mobility spectrometry （IMS） is a very fast, highly sensitive, and inexpensive technique, it permits efficient monitoring of volatile organic compounds like alcohols. In this article, positive ion mobility spectra for six alcohol organic compounds have been systematically studied for the first time using a high-resolution IMS apparatus equipped with a discharge ionization source. Utilizing protonated water cluster ions （H2O）nH^＋ as the reactant ions and clean air as the drift gas, alcohol organic compounds, ethanol, 1- propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 2-octanol, all exhibit product ion characteristic peaks in their respective ion mobility spectrometry, that is a result of proton transfer reactions between the alcohols and reaction ions （H2O）nH^＋. The mixture of these alcohols, including two isomers, has been detected, and the results showed that they could be distinguished effectively in the ion mobility spectrum. The reduced mobility values have been determined, which are in very well agreement with the traditional ^63Ni-IMS experimental values. The exponential dilution method was used to calibrate the alcohol concentrations, and a detection limit available for the alcohols is in order of magnitude of a few ng/L.     

Anaerobic biodegradation of benzene series compounds by mixed cultures based on optional electronic acceptors

A series of batch experiments were performed using mixed bacterial consortia to investigate biodegradation performance of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and three xylene isomers （BTEX） under nitrate, sulfate and ferric iron reducing conditions. The results showed that toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene and o-xylene could be degraded independently by the mixed cultures coupled to nitrate, sulfate and ferric iron reduction. Under ferric iron reducing conditions the biodegradation of benzene and p-xylene could be occurred only in the presence of other alkylbenzenes. Alkylbenzenes can serve as the primary subs＇rates to stimulate the transformation of benzene and p-xylene under anaerobic conditions. Benzene and p-xylene are more toxic than toluene and ethylbenzene, under the three terminal electron acceptors conditions, the degradation rates decreased with toluene 〉 ethylbenzene 〉 m-xylene 〉 o-xylene〉 benzene 〉 p- xylene. Nitrate was a more favorable electron acceptor compared to sulfate and ferric iron. The ratio between sulfate consumed and the loss of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene was 4.44, 4.51, 4.42, 4.32, 4.37 and 4.23, respectively; the ratio between nitrate consumed and the loss of these substrates was 7.53, 6.24, 6.49, 7.28, 7.81, 7.61, respectively; the ratio between the consumption of ferric iron and the loss of toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene was 17.99, 18.04, 18.07, 17.97, respectively.     

Thiolsulfonate functionalized polystyrene resin： Preparation and application in the isolation and identification of electrophilic mutagens

A new approach for isolation and identification of elecrtophilic mutagens from complex matrix was developed.Thiosulfonic anion was immobilized onto polystyrene beads and used as separation media.Potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate,prepared from polystyryl- sulfonyl chloride and KHS,was observed to selectively react with model electrophilic mutagens such as alkyl halides,α-chloroketones andα-chloroesters to produce polystyryl-thiosulfonic esters.After separation from other nonreactive organic compounds,the beads then reacted with ethanethiol to produce unsymmetrical ethyl disulfides which are easily detected by GC/MS.For one mutagenic compound,only one unsymmetrical disulfide was found to contain its structure part.Thus,the structure of the parent mutagens could be deduced from that of the unsymmetrical disulfides.The degree of functionaiization of the potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate resin was 1.11 mmol/g.Its reactivity was discussed and its recycling method was reported here.     

零价铁表面积对泥浆反应体系中硝基苯降解行为的影响

硝基苯能够被零价铁还原成为苯胺. 利用气相色谱分析方法,研究了泥浆体系中零价铁表面积对硝基苯污染底质降解行为的影响. 结果表明,在沉积物中初始w(硝基苯)为8.87 μg/g,按照3.27 g/L最佳比例投加还原铁粉,经2 h反应约有97%的硝基苯被降解;其还原机理为表面接触反应,铁粉总表面积是影响硝基苯降解的主要参数;沉积物中硝基苯降解速率常数(K)和残留量(y)与单位体积泥浆中零价铁总表面积(ρ_a)之间表现为线性和负指数相关性,其关系式分别为:K0.006　5+5.165　87×10－4ρ_a和y8.57exp(-ρ_a/7.66)+0.25;零价铁还原硝基苯的降解过程,其降解动力学符合准一级方程,并且通过SEM扫描电镜发现零价铁在反应过程中表面被严重腐蚀,颗粒组成发生明显改变.      

应用ICE和PCA方法评价硝基芳烃的综合毒性

应用种间相关估算(ICE)方法预测50种硝基芳烃缺失的生物毒性数据,对通过ICE计算获得的各种生物毒性数据进行主成分分析(PCA),计算综合毒性因子(ITI),进行综合毒性评价.结果表明,除了黄瓜种子发芽抑制毒性以外,其他各种生物毒性都在1%的显著水平上呈显著的线性正相关.硝基芳烃的这些生物毒性机制基本相似,因此应用ICE方法预测其毒性数据是可行的.QSAR分析表明,ITI与分子最低未占轨道能E_lumo有显著的相关性,r=0.869,表明亲电反应性是硝基芳烃的各种生物毒性所综合反映的主要致毒机理.基于ICE和PCA方法计算得到的ITI与基于QSAR和PCA方法计算得到的ITI的大小趋势具有一致性,ICE与PCA方法的联合应用可以成功地评价和预测硝基芳烃的综合毒性.     

氯代硝基苯降解菌Comamonas sp. strain CNB-1对污染土壤生物修复作用的研究

硝基取代芳烃化合物是一类重要的环境污染物,利用微生物降解作用修复被污染的土壤、清除环境中的污染物等具有重要的现实意义(Peres et al.,2000).利用从污水处理厂分离的一株降解氯代硝基苯的丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas sp.)菌株CNB-l进行了消除土壤中氯代硝基苯的试验研究.传统的菌落计数方法和针对氯代硝基苯降解酶基因的竞争性定量PCR技术监测结果表明,菌株CNB-1有效地在土壤中定值和存活,其细胞数量与污染物浓度具有显著的相关性,并能够在2 d时间内完全清除土壤中2 μg·g-1的氯代硝基苯.利用PCR-DGGE技术对土壤中的微生物群落检测,结果表明,存在污染物氯代硝基苯时可以明显检测到加入的菌株CNB-1的特征性条带,加入菌株CNB-1对土壤中原来微生物群落的影响不大.结论:菌株CNB-1在硝基芳烃污染土壤的生物修复中可能具有良好的应用前景.