Pt/Mg-Ce-O catalyst for NO/H<Subscript>2</Subscript>/O<Subscript>2</Subscript> lean de-No<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> reaction

The NO/H₂/O₂ reaction was studied under oxidizing conditions in the 100-400 °C range over 0.1 wt% Pt supported on various metal oxides such as MgO, CeO₂, SiO₂, La₂O₃, CaO, Y₂O₃ and TiO₂. The Pt/MgO and Pt/CeO₂ catalysts showed good catalytic behaviours. Here, we find that the Pt/Mg-Ce-O catalyst, prepared from MgO and CeO₂ by the sol-gel method, is a very active and selective catalyst towards N₂ formation in the whole 100–400 °C range. This catalyst appears to be the most active, selective and stable one ever reported in the literature for the NO/H₂/O₂ reaction, even in the presence of 5%v H₂O or 20 ppmv of SO₂ in the feed stream.Selected article from the Regional Symposium on Chemistry and Environment, Krusevac, Serbia, June 2003, organised by Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic.     

ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES USING EPIC1

ABSTRACT: This paper illustrates a method of using a hydrologic/water quality model to analyze alternative management practices and recommend best management practices (BMPs) to reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃^--N) leaching losses. The study area for this research is Tipton, an agriculturally intensive area in southwest Oklahoma. We used Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC), a field-scale hydrologic/water quality model, to analyze alternative agricultural management practices. The model was first validated using observed data from a cotton demonstration experiment conducted in the Tipton area. Following that, EPIC was used to simulate fertilizer response curves for cotton and wheat crops under irrigated and dryland conditions. From the fertilizer response functions (N-uptake and N-leaching), we established an optimum fertilizer application rate for each crop. Individual crop performances were then simulated at optimum fertilizer application rates and crop rotations for the Tipton area, which were selected based on three criteria: (a) minimum amount of NO₃^--N leached, (b) minimum concentration of NO₃^--N leached, and (c) maximum utilization of NO₃^--M. Further we illustrate that by considering residual N from alfalfa as a credit to the following crop and crediting NO₃^--N present in the irrigation water, it is possible to reduce further NO₃^--N loss without affecting crop yield.     

MODELING OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION OF NITROGEN AT THE WATERSHED SCALE1

ABSTRACT: The Watershed Nutrient Transport and Transformation (NTT-Watershed) model is a physically based, energy-driven, multiple land use, distributed model that is capable of simulating water and nutrient transport in a watershed. The topographic features and subsurface properties of the watershed are refined into uniform, homogeneous square grids. The vertical discretization includes vegetation, overland flow, soil water redistribution and groundwater zones. The chemical submodel simulates the nitrogen dynamics in terrestrial and aquatic systems. Three chemical state variables are considered (NO₃^-_-, NH₄⁺, and Org-N). The NTT-Watershed model was used to simulate the fate and transport of nitrogen in the Muddy Brook watershed in Connecticut. The model was shown to be capable of capturing the hydrologic and portions of the nitrogen dynamics in the watershed. Watershed planners could use this model in developing strategies of best management practices that could result in maximizing the reductions of nitrogen export from a watershed.     

抚仙湖北岸入湖径流中总氮变化趋势分析

抚仙湖现有污染主要来自北岸。通过抚仙湖3条入湖河流中总氮负荷量进行调查，对抚仙湖入湖河流中总氮负荷量进行了分析评价，结果表明：3条入湖河流总氮为劣V类水质，是影响抚仙湖水质的主要因素。为湖泊总量控制与治理提供科学依据。     

复合型人工湿地对抚仙湖入湖河道污水中氮的去除

在抚仙湖北岸构建复合型人工湿地污水处理系统,对窑泥沟入湖河道污水中氮的去除效果进行了试验研究,结果表明,系统水力负荷年平均为37mm/d,氮负荷年平均为3.315g/m2·d,对污水中NOx、NH+4、TON和TN去除率年平均分别为62.7%、53.8%、62.4%和57.5%.     

废水的生物脱氮除磷新工艺的设想

结合废水生物脱氮除磷机理和影响因素，在对几种典型脱氮除磷工艺氮、磷去除率进行比较的基础上，解析了一些典型工艺除氮除磷不足之处。根据重庆城市污水水质实际情况和地形的特点，设想一种新的生物脱 氮除磷工艺，从而弥补传统工艺的不足。可望提高系统的脱氮和除磷效率，达到更好的脱氮除磷的目的，减少对水体的污染。     

黄河流域河水氮污染分析

通过对黄河水系干、支流1980－1990－1997－1999年河水氮污染水质监测数据进行分析，发现：（1）自流域上游至下游，各主要支流河水氮污染有增加的趋势，造成干流河水氮污染沿程亦呈增加的趋势；（2）点污染对黄河干、支流河水氮污染的贡献较大，但在1990－1997年间，流域河水氮污染的点源／面源之比有降低的趋势，干流潼关站河水中总氮的点源与面源之比由1990年的2．7降至1997年的1．8；（3）黄河干、支流河水氨氮、总氮的含量在1980－1990－1997－1999年间存在明显的加速上升趋势，主要是由流域废污水排放量和氮肥施用量的增加所致。     

MgAlFe复合氧化物氧化吸附SO_2的性质

MgAlFe水滑石在 6 0 0℃以上焙烧后脱去表面水和层间水形成MgAlFe复合氧化物 通过对MgAlFe复合氧化物BET、XRD表征和测定它的吸附硫容 ,发现它对SO2 有优良的氧化吸附性能 吸附SO2 后MgO和尖晶石相消失 ,形成硫酸盐晶相 用氢气对饱和吸附SO2 后的MgAlFe复合氧化物进行还原再生 ,发现它经过 10次吸附还原循环后 ,MgO和尖晶石的晶相依然存在 ,是一种可循环利用脱除SO2 的环境催化材料     

碳氮结构空心管材料及其对钍离子的吸附性能研究

目的合成碳氮结构空心管材料,用于稀土矿山开采中放射性钍离子的吸附去除,方法通过三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸超分子自组装,经水热碳化及高温热解,制备碳氮结构空心管材料.采用SEM、XRD等对材料进行表征.在不同热解温度和pH值下进行钍离子吸附实验,比较不同钍离子的初始浓度和吸附时间下吸附容量的差异.结果600℃时,材料形貌为均匀的中空管状结构;pH=3.5,热解温度为800℃时,材料最大吸附容量达到133.87 mg/g,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型且遵从准二级动力学规律.结论碳氮结构空心管材料对钍离子具有良好的吸附效果,有望用于稀土开采过程中产生的放射性废钍离子的去除.     

辽宁大伙房水库水质变化趋势研究

于1979-2003年调查了大伙房水库理化指标,对水质变化趋势进行了研究。入库和库区水体总氮、总磷含量多年平均分别为1.61mg·l-1和0.036mg·l-1;1.23mg·l-1和0.036mg·l-1,均超过国家地表入库Ⅲ和库区Ⅱ类水质标准。库区其他17项水化指标符合国家地表水库区Ⅱ类标准。大伙房水库水体只受到轻度污染,水质等级为近Ⅱ级,属浮游植物响应型中营养水体。