Recent advances in ionic liquids-based hybrid processes for CO2 capture and utilization

CO₂ capture and utilization (CCU) is an effective strategy to mitigate global warming. Absorption, adsorption and membranes are methods used for CO₂ separation and capture, and various catalytic pathways have also been developed for CO₂ utilization. Although widely researched and used in industry, these processes are energy-intensive and this challenge needs to be overcome. To realize further optimization, novel materials and processes are continuously being developed. New generation materials such as ionic liquids (ILs) have shown promising potential for cost-effective CO₂ capture and utilization. This study reviews the current status of ILs-based solvents, adsorbents, membranes, catalysts and their hybrid processes for CO₂ capture and utilization. The special properties of ILs are integrated into new materials through hybridization, which significantly improves the performance in the process of CCU.     

左炔诺孕酮不同萃取剂萃取能力比较

比较了液液萃取和固相萃取两种方法对左炔诺孕酮的萃取效果,为含左炔诺孕酮水样分析预处理提供参考.运用高效液相色谱法检测了二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、正己烷、乙酸乙酯4种有机溶剂和StrataTM-X(60 mg,3mL)固相萃取柱对左炔诺孕酮的萃取回收率;萃取回收率分别为:乙酸乙酯(97.22％)＞二氯甲烷(91.89％)＞正己...     

SBAR中好氧污泥颗粒化及其特性

采用气升式内循环间歇反应器对好氧污泥颗粒化的过程进行了研究,考察了不同水力循环时间下好氧污泥颗粒化过程及其特性,并且对反应器中形成的好氧颗粒污泥内部菌群形态进行了描述.结果表明,不同水力循环时间对好氧颗粒污泥生长特性产生了很大的影响,在较短水力循环时间下,颗粒污泥粒径增长速度快,形成的颗粒粒径多数在 1.0～2.0mm 之间,并且 VSS含量达 92.08%,强度也较高,而在较长水力循环时间中形成的颗粒粒径在 0.5～1.0mm 之间、VSS 含量在 83.92%,污泥强度下降.     

藻细胞不同生长阶段的海泡石凝聚除藻性能

对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa 469)的4个不同生长阶段:延迟末期,对数中期,对数末期和衰老初期的表面疏水性(疏水分配法)和表面电性(Zeta电位)进行了测定,并利用0.2 g/L的海泡石进行了凝聚除藻性能实验.结果显示以上4个生长阶段的藻细胞表面疏水性平均为:64%, 48%, 58%和70%,而凝聚沉降60 min后的藻细胞去除效率为:97%, 87%, 81%和99%,表明藻细胞表面疏水性与粘土凝聚性能之间有较好的相关性(R＝0.7～0.8),但与表面电性的关系不大.M.A.469各个生长阶段的表面疏水性和凝聚性能的强弱顺序可依次确定为:衰老期>延迟期>对数增长期.     

Determination of volatile organic compounds in river water by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography

A simple, rapid, and reproducible method is described employing solid-phase extraction (SPE) using dichloromethane followed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) for determination of volatile organic compound(VOC) from the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. The method was applied to detect the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and cumene(BTEXC) in the sample collected from the surface or 15cm depth of water. Two-hundred ml of n-hexane-pretreated and filtered water samples were applied directly to a C18 SPE column. BTEXC were extracted with dichloromethane and average concentrations were obtained as 0. 104 to 0.372 μg/ml. The highest concentration of benzene was found as 0.372 μg/ml with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.2%, and cumene was not detected. Factors influencing SPE e.g., adsorbent types, sample load volume, eluting solvent, headspace and temperatures, were investigated. A cartridge containing a C18 adsorbent and using dichloromethane gave better performance for extraction of BTEXC from water. Average recoveries exceedina 90% could be achieved for cumene at 4℃ with a 2.7% RSD.     

SBR法设计与运行控制模型的探讨

在综合分析了序批式活性污泥现行设计方法的基础上，根据生化反应动力学原理推导出ＳＢＲ系统设计的基本关系式，并用试验进行验证。据此总结出ＳＢＲ的优选设计方法，并进行评价和讨论。该设计方法引入了“进水期污泥负荷”和“反应期污泥负荷”两个概念。     

基于LCA的建材生产能耗及污染物排放清单分析

利用生命周期方法,通过清单建模及计算,分析了12种建材产品生产的生命周期能耗与大气污染物排放.清单分析包括能源上游阶段、运输阶段和建材生产阶段;同时考虑了直接能耗、直接污染物排放以及间接能耗、间接污染物排放;并使用“迭代”法对能源上游阶段进行清单分析.清单输出结果表明:钢材生产的生命周期总能耗和CO₂排放量最大,分别为34.83 GJ/t和3 493 kg/t;草砖生产的生命周期总能耗和CO₂排放量最小,分别为0.14 GJ/t和11 kg/t,说明其环境友好性最佳.      

固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定水中的甲基汞

根据巯基棉在一定酸性条件下能定量吸附甲基汞的原理,利用多通道并联的固相萃取装置,采用气相色谱（ECD）方法测定饮用水中痕量甲基汞,考察了水样pH值对回收率的影响。方法在10．0ug／L～50．0ug／L范围内线性良好,当采样体积为1．0L时,检出限为0．06ng／L,样品平行测定的加标回收率在79．6％-82．8％,相对标准偏差为2．5％。     

Aerosol optical properties derived from simultaneous sunphotometer and aureolemeter measurements in Lhasa

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｅｒｏｓｏｌｓｈａｖｅｔｈｅｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｔｏｃｈａｎｇｅｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌｃｌｉｍａｔｅｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｄｉｒｅｃｔｒａｄｉａｔｉｖｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｉｎｄｉｒｅｃｔｅｆｆｅｃｔｓａｓｃｌｏｕｄｃｏｎｄｅｎｓａｔｉｏｎｎｕｃｌｅｉ.Ａｅｒｏｓｏｌｓａｒｅａｌｓｏｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓｉｎｂｉｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｙｃｌｅｓａｎｄｉｎｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎａｆｆｅｃｔｔｒａｃｅ ｇａ…     

萃取第三相形成过程中废水处理的去污机理

用漏斗试验法研究了［β－萘磺酸＋劳伦酸（钠）］－水－三辛胺（煤油）体系的萃取去污机理,结果表明,在萃取过程中除水溶性β－萘磺酸和劳伦酸的可溶部分各自与三辛胺萃取剂反应生成胺盐,并进一步聚合后形成萃取第三相外,劳伦酸的悬浮颗粒部分被第三相粘结除去,劳伦酸钠以分子形态被第三相吸附除去。并在合适的萃取条件下所涉及体系以COD计的去污率可达到95％左右。由此提出＂萃取－混凝－浮上＂的去污机理。