基于LCA的建材生产能耗及污染物排放清单分析

利用生命周期方法,通过清单建模及计算,分析了12种建材产品生产的生命周期能耗与大气污染物排放.清单分析包括能源上游阶段、运输阶段和建材生产阶段;同时考虑了直接能耗、直接污染物排放以及间接能耗、间接污染物排放;并使用“迭代”法对能源上游阶段进行清单分析.清单输出结果表明:钢材生产的生命周期总能耗和CO₂排放量最大,分别为34.83 GJ/t和3 493 kg/t;草砖生产的生命周期总能耗和CO₂排放量最小,分别为0.14 GJ/t和11 kg/t,说明其环境友好性最佳.      

高效简易湿法脱硫技术的试验研究和应用

介绍了三相流化床湿法烟气脱硫技术的热态试验结果及其 1 2 5MW机组全尺寸的工业运行结果。研究分析了一些因素对脱硫效率、除尘效率、系统阻力等参数的影响变化规律。试验与运行结果表明 :其脱硫效率可以达到 85 % ,除尘效率达 98%以上 ,系统阻力在引风机的出力范围内 ,出口烟气不带水。整个系统运行可靠 ,具备了工业应用的条件     

水中几种有机污染物的SPE-HPLC联用测定技术

酚类及硝基苯是水中一类重要的优先控制污染物。通过对固相萃取 (SPE)技术与高效液相色谱 (HPLC)联用技术的研究 ,得出对于含酚类及硝基苯的水样采用 2 0 0mg的键合硅胶C1 8柱在水样pH值为 3 .0和过柱水样为 40mL时可得到较好的萃取及测定结果 ,从而提出一种对水中酚类物质及硝基苯测定具有灵敏度高、准确性好的分析方法。     

味精废水处理工艺设计

介绍了味精废水处理工艺设计实例。工程实践表明 ,味精废水在回收菌体蛋白预处理后 ,采用两相UBF SBR处理工艺是行之有效的。该处理技术先进 ,出水可达到排放标准。     

45调质钢显微组织的σb-d定量关系

通过对45调质钢进行单向拉伸和定量金相分析,并采用一元线性回归的数理统计方法进行数据处理,得出了45调质钢的σb与晶粒平均直经d的定量关系..     

活性炭纤维萃取浓缩水样中微量有机磷农药

采用活性炭纤维(ACF)为固相萃取剂填料,萃取测定水样中微量有机磷农药。研究分析了ACF用量、洗脱剂类型、农药初始质量浓度、水样过柱速度及pH等因素对萃取回收率的影响。结果表明:洗脱剂类型和ACF用量是显著的影响因素。最佳萃取条件为:含0 1μg L有机磷农药的1L加标水样,需0 2gACF和8mL二氯甲烷,水样过柱速度40mL min。pH对萃取影响不大。萃取回收率为80 7%～118%。      

Modeling of Ce（IV） transport through a dispersion flat combined liquid membrane with carrier P507

A mathematical model for the transport of Ce （IV） from hydrochloric acid solutions through dispersion flat combined liquid membrane （DFCLM） with contain 2- ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester （P507） as the carrier, dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution have been studied. This process of facilitated transport, based on membrane technology, is a variation on the conventional technique of solvent extraction and may be described mathematically using Fick＇s second law. The equations for transport velocity are derived considering the diffusion of P507 and its metallic complexes through the liquid membrane. In this work, the system is considered to be in a transient state, and chemical reaction between Ce（IV） and the carrier to take place only at the solvent-aqueous interfaces. Model concentration profiles are obtained for the Ce（IV）, from which extraction velocities are predicted. The experimental and simulated Ce（IV） extractions showed similar tendencies for a high Ce （IV） concentration and acidity case.The model results indicate that high initial Ce（IV） concentrations and acidity both have detrimental effects on Ce（IV） extraction and stripping. The diffusion coefficient of Ce（IV） in the membrane and the thickness of diffusion layer between feed phase and membrane phase are obtained and the values are 6.31 × 10-8m2·s-1 and 31.2 μm, respectively. The results are in good agreement with experimental results.     

顺磁共振法测定气相中OH自由基的研究

采和电子顺磁共振（ＥＰＲ）法测定气相中ＯＨ自由基的研究表明,４＝ＰＯ敢相中ＯＨ交好自旋捕集剂,得到的４－ＰＯＢＮ－ＯＨ加合物稳定性媸,样品避光保存２ｄ后,测得ＥＰＲ谱的峰形和大小不变,测得ＯＨ加合物的ＥＰＲ谱中超精细偶合常数分别为αＮ＝１．４５ｍＴ和αＨβ＝０．２２ｍＴ,除去样品溶液中微量的Ｏ２,将改善ＥＰＲ谱的峰形。还报字用这种方法对上海地区大气中采样实测得到ＯＨ加合物的ＥＰＲ谱,它与实验室模拟     

聚离子液体修饰荷电超滤复合膜的构建及其抗污染性分析

以氯化-1-烯丙基-3-乙烯基咪唑离子液体为反应单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,通过自由基聚合先合成聚离子液体预聚物,并将其与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙二醇(PEG)进一步共混反应,以制备聚离子液体/PVDF共混铸膜液.然后将该铸膜液在聚丙烯(PP)微孔膜表面进行涂覆成膜,以制备具有互穿网络结构的聚离子液体/PVDF荷电复合膜.采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、Zeta电位计等对复合膜表面的化学结构、形貌及荷电性能等进行分析,并采用水通量测定仪对复合膜的纯水通量及蛋白质和染料的分离性能等进行了研究.结果表明,该复合膜表面具有较好的荷电性能,且随聚离子液体的加入可以有效提高膜的亲水性和抗污染性,复合膜M2的纯水通量可达到101.7 L·m-2·h-1,该膜对溶菌酶和染料罗丹明6G的截留率分别为88.0%和94.1%,该分离膜经清水反冲洗后通量恢复率分别达到72.5%和91.8%.     

Experimental investigations on a forced convection solar air heater using packed bed absorber plates with phase change materials

In this work, the performance of a forced convection solar air heater was evaluated using using three packed bed absorber plate configurations and compared with flat absorber plate. The phase change material (paraffin wax) was packed in the pin-fin, trianglular and circular absorber plate configurations. The performance parameters such as, outlet air temperature, thermo-hydraulic efficiency, exergy efficiency and pressure drop were predicted and compared. The results showed that the packed bed absorber plate configurations using paraffin wax have higher outler air temperature in the range of 2–5°C with 3–40% higher thermo-hydraulic efficiency and 2–20% higher exergy efficiency when compared to flat absorber plate. However, the packed bed absorver plates have higher pressure drop when compared to flat absorber plate.