秦山核电站运行后对邻近海域生态环境及其水质影响评价

通过对秦山核电站运行前后相隔近７ ａ 的工程区邻近海域四季度月生物与非生物环境生态各要素的两次调查分析，进行了Ⅰ期工程运行以来海域生态环境及水质状况的影响评价。结果认为，秦山海域具典型强潮河口湾生态特征，营养盐丰富，而生产力低下。潮汐、径流和湾外海水入侵是导致海洋环境要素季节和年际变化并直接影响海洋生物结构的主要因子。水体富营养化指数上升是沿岸工业和生活污水大量排放的结果。核电站运行中冷却水的热排放由于杭州湾特殊的海底地形和强潮混合的水体环境对附近水域的热升温效应不明显。秦山Ⅰ期工程运行以来对海域生态环境和水质变化未见明显影响     

织物及服装防热辐射性能的测试

为评价织物及服装的防热辐射性能,在我们实验室和现场进行了测试。采用黑体比较法测量的织物发射率和参照国际标准ISO—6942进行的热辐射阻挡实验分析评价了一般织物、金属布和所谓“太空棉”服装的防热辐射性能。对金属布工作服和遮阳伞的透过热流和环境空气温度及辐射热强度的现场测试,可以直接分析防热辐射效果,也与工作人员的感觉相吻合。合理测试评价方法的建立,可以促进这类材料和服装的研究与推广。建议有关部门尽快制定标准。     

事故前人因失误研究

在安全评价中，人因失误特别是事故后人因失误越来越受到重视；但相对而言，事故前人因失误没有引起足够的重视。本通过对大量核电厂安全分析报告和运行事件报告的考察，系统地阐述了事故前人因失误对系统安全的显影响，并在此基础上，归纳出在核电站开展事故前人因(失误)分析的程序。该程序主要包括系统熟悉，定性分析，筛选，定量计算，与故障树的集成，敏感性分析与不确定性分析，形成分析档等几个步骤。     

小径薄壁管射线透照布置方法

小径薄壁管广泛用于工艺管道中，在对其进行无损探伤时，一般采用双壁双影椭圆成像法和双壁重叠成像法，针对小径薄壁管对接焊缝透照成像的特殊要求，具体介绍双壁双影椭圆成像法的透照布置方法。     

热辐射的破坏准则和池火灾的破坏半径

热辐射破坏是发生在开放气环境中的池火灾的主要破坏机理。本文讨论了热辐射的破坏准则，提出预测池火灾破坏半径的方法，进行了数值模拟计算，分而和时纳了池火灾的基本规律     

核事故中放射性核素扩散浓度的理论预测

在高斯烟羽模型的基础上,对核事故中放射性云团在大气中的扩散规律进行了研究。利用倾斜烟团模式,考虑实际过程中核素粒子的重力沉降、雨洗作用以及放射性衰变等因素的影响,提出一种迅速估算放射性核素扩散浓度的方法。该方法可计算核事故中连续点源和瞬时点源在不同气象、地形条件下的浓度分布,并可获得地面的干沉积率和湿沉积率。放射性核素浓度的确定是放射性事故抢险救援和辐射防护等工作的基础和前提,是放射性事故应急救援的重要组成部分。该结果在核事故的应急救援过程中,对救援人员划定警戒区和确定周围居民的疏散范围具有重要意义,并可为制定救援方案和应急决策提供科学依据。     

池火灾热辐射的数值研究

通过列举储罐火灾事故,提出对池火灾进行研究的重要性。介绍目前池火灾国内外的研究现状及发展情况,描述池火灾燃烧特征和模型。应用化学流体力学基本定律,建立了描述池火灾过程的基本控制方程组,并根据适当的条件选择辐射模型。建立物理模型,做出合理假设,确定初始和边界条件,对池火灾热辐射过程进行数值模拟,得出火焰周围入射热流密度分布图,计算出相邻两罐之间的最小安全距离,应用于工程实际中,给防火间距的制定提供理论依据,计算结果定性合理。     

Effect of 450 MHz Microwave Modulated with 217 Hz on Human EEG in Rest

Summary This study focuses on discrimination of changes, produced by low-level microwave exposure in intensity and time variability of the human EEG at rest. The power spectral density (PSD) method and nonlinear scaling analysis of the length distribution of low variability periods (LDLVP) were selected for analysis of the EEG signal. During the study, 19 healthy volunteers were exposed to a microwave (450 MHz) of 217 Hz frequency on-off modulation. The field power density at the scalp was 0.16 mW/cm². The experimental protocol consisted of ten cycles of repetitive microwave exposure. Signals from frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital EEG channels on EEG theta, alpha and beta rhythms were analysed. Exposure to microwave causes average increase of EEG activity. LDLVP analysis discriminated significant effect in time variability for 2 subjects (11%). PSD method detected significant changes in intensity for 4 subjects (21%). The effect of low-level microwave exposure is stronger on EEG beta rhythm in temporal and parietal regions of the human brain.     

A Parallel Study of SAR Levels in Head Tissues for Three Antennas Used in Cellular Telephones: Monopole, Helix and Patch

Summary This paper is a comparative study of several antennas commonly used in cellular telephones. These include a monopole, a helix-monopole and a patch antenna. Each one of these structures is modeled and numerically tested using finite-difference time-domain simulation and human models based on magnetic-resonance images, which allow for inclusion of details of the human body in the simulation. The testing procedure involves antenna simulation in the proximity of the human head. The behavior of each antenna is evaluated for variable distances from the head geometry (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mm). Continuous waveform, representative of the sources used in mobile telephones, (250 mW, 1.8 GHz) is used as the form of the antenna excitation. The simulation outputs used as measures for this comparative study include transmitting and receiving antenna characteristics and the specific absorption rate (SAR). The SAR levels for the head tissues are calculated for and with accordance to the two currently accepted standards: Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The computed SAR levels within each of the considered tissues vary for the three antennas under investigation and are within the determined health safety standards. Results suggest that the patch antenna may be the structure of choice when considering safety standards, as its radiation yields the lowest local SAR in the head tissues.     

0.1～3000MHz射频电磁环境时间变化规律及其与人群作息时间关系的研究

利用自动连续监测仪器对在成都市城区选定的监测点位开展了持续数日的测量,获取了测点的长时间监测数据,通过对监测数据的分析,研究了0.1~3000MHz射频电磁环境随时间变化的规律及其与人群作息时间的关系,并对电磁环境人工手动监测的适宜时间段进行了分析。