平朔露天煤矿排土场植被恢复树木短期死亡动态研究

以平朔露天煤矿排土场0.8 hm2刺槐+油松混交林复垦模式下固定监测样地为研究平台,以2010年和2015年两次调查数据为基础,分析了五年间样地内主要树种的短期死亡动态.结果表明:样地内所有树木总个体数由1026株减少到947株,死亡个体79株,占2010年总个体数的7.7%,刺槐和油松的平均胸径增量分别为1.44 cm和1.92 cm,样地内所有树木的胸高断面积增加2.3 m2·hm-2,中径级个体(7 cm相似文献   

新疆准东煤田降尘重金属污染及健康风险评价

为研究准东煤田大气降尘重金属的污染状况及潜在健康风险,选取52个覆盖全区的样点采集大气降尘,并测试分析样品中Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Hg和As共6种重金属元素含量.结合地累积指数(I_geo)进行污染研究,使用EPA人体暴露风险评价.结果表明,研究区大气降尘重金属浓度具有明显差异,Zn > Cr > Cu > As > Pb > Hg.Hg、Cu和As的变异系数为381.91%、99.94%和97.82%,受人类活动影响较大; 6种重金属间的相关性较复杂,Zn-Cu-Cr较Hg-As-Pb的相关性更强.地累积指数评价表明,重金属Zn、Cr的污染较严重,Zn处于极强度污染,Hg可视为无污染,Cu、Pb、As处于轻度-中度污染.研究区致癌风险暴露量与非致癌风险暴露量差异不大.非致癌风险商均小于1, HQ_Cr > HQ_As > HQ_Zn > HQ_Pb > HQ_Cu > HQ_Hg,总非致癌风险指数0.258,研究区6种重金属健康风险较小.致癌风险CR_As > CR_Cr > CR_Pb,Pb无致癌风险.其中As的致癌风险值占总致癌风险(TCR)的93.85%,是最主要的致癌因子.TCR均值为1.95E-05,处于人体可耐受的致癌风险范围.     

基于空间信息的露天矿区排土场土地复垦成本计算

使用Map Objects组件和Ⅶ语言,对露天矿区排土场土地复垦的成本构成及计算进行了系统设计,系统包括排土场土地复垦成本计算和排土场空间地理信息管理两大功能。以安太堡露天煤矿为例,建立了成本计算系统,为露天矿区排土场土地复垦的成本计算提供了重要手段,提高了排土场空间信息管理工作的效率。     

安太堡露天煤矿复垦地土壤养分相关研究

以平塑安太堡露天煤矿为例，研究了矿区排土场矸石风化物和黄土二种主要母质发育的土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾状况及其相关性。结果表明，矸石和黄土母质对有机质、全氮的影响显著，对速效磷、速效钾的影响未达到显著水平；黄土母质发育的土壤有机质和全氮含量呈显著正相关，而矸石风化物有机质和速效钾含量呈显著负相关，有机质和其它的养分指标相关性不显著。     

The Inversion Method in Measuring Noise Emitted by Machines in Opencast Mines of Rock Material

The inversion method was used to test vibroacoustic processes in large-size machines used in opencast mines of rock material. When this method is used, the tested machine is replaced with a set of substitute sources, whose acoustic parameters are determined on the basis of sound pressure levels and phase shift angles of acoustic signals, measured with an array of 24 microphones. This article presents test results of a combine unit comprising a crusher and a vibrating sieve, for which an acoustic model of 7 substitute sources was developed with the inversion method.     

露天煤矿生态系统脆弱性评价方法研究

露天煤矿的开采会对当地生态环境系统造成极大的损害，矿区可持续发展的目标要求在矿区开发过程中制定完善的生产建设、生态恢复重建规划来促进生态环境管理，这需要对生态环境系统进行科学的评价，并分析寻找影响可持续发展的原因，同时能够对各类措施的效果进行评价。本研究通过建立一个科学的、可操作性较强的生态环境系统脆弱性评价体系，为正确的制订矿区生态重建规划、生产建设规划以及生态环境保护规划提供基础理论保障和技术手段。     

Study on assessment of slope stability and mixed disposal of overburden in voids of Singrauli Coalfield

The mining industry can be considered the backbone of the Indian economy as well as facilitating the power that drives most of the other industries in the company. The overburden and waste rocks produced during coal mining are major concerns in regard to the amount of land that is required for their disposal, as well as the stability of dumps for these materials, which are of increasing height. Land reclamation issues are also a concern. In this work the adverse impacts caused by the dumping of overburden on land and acidic mine water on water bodies is discussed. Remote sensing tools were used along with the laboratory experimentation to assess the various impacts. This study also shows that silt released from waste dumps, can affected the angle of repose of the overburden dump slope. The angle of repose of the overburden materials varies with particle size composition. Thus, use of in‐pit crushers in large opencast mining operations can effectively reduce the area locked under the waste dumps. The acid neutralization potential of fly ash and overburden for the treatment of acid water was tested in the laboratory by using fly ash and waste rock materials on acidic coalfield water. The results are encouraging, and fly ash may prove to be a good acid neutralizer when used in conjunction of coal overburden material.