麻醉呼吸机在手术室内环境中产生的毒害气体分析及预防处理研究

麻醉呼吸机在大型手术过程中会经常使用,由于麻醉过程中会使用一定氯化物,因此会造成一定有害气体的外泄,有害气体会影响手术进度以及手术的准确程度.针对上述问题,提出麻醉呼吸机在手术室内环境中产生的毒害气体的分析以及预防方法.对麻醉呼吸机能够泄露出的有害气体影响程度以及影响范围进行估计,针对产生的有害气体设计了完整的预防系统,通过传感器的使用达到对有毒气的预防监测过程.试验结果表明,设计的有害气体预防系统能够高敏感度对有毒气体识别分析.     

红外系统对点源目标作用距离的优化计算

作用距离是红外系统核心性能指标之一,受大气、背景等多方面因素的影响。针对传统作用距离计算方法存在的局限,综合考虑多个影响因素,提出了一种优化计算方法,首次精确计算了作用距离与实际距离之差的大气衰减值,并对计算方法进行了验证。结果表明,优化计算方法具有较好的计算精度,可用于红外系统性能预测和整体设计。     

浅析吉林省危险废物经营许可证管理现状及政策建议

本文针对吉林省危险废物经营许可证颁发情况进行了分析,截止2011年底,颁发危险废物经营许可证63份,核准经营总规模为1095816吨,其中利用量为1010016吨,处置量为85800吨;总结归纳了危险废物经营单位规范化管理过程中发现的问题,并对吉林省危险废物经营许可证管理提出了合理化的意见和建议。     

不良的安全管理绩效对企业经营成本的影响研究

本文从多个方面探讨了企业的安全管理绩效与企业经营成本之间的关系,认为不良的安全管理绩效不仅会增加企业的人力资源成本,导致企业在工伤保险和商业保险上费用的增加,而且还将会产生更多的政府监管成本,以及现实中直接和间接的物质损失。可见,不良的安全管理绩效将会显著增加企业的经营成本。     

Choice of teenagers' vehicles and views on vehicle safety: survey of parents of novice teenage drivers

Objective

To examine parental decisions about vehicles driven by teenagers and parental knowledge of vehicle safety.

Methods

About 300 parents were interviewed during spring 2006 in Minnesota, North Carolina, and Rhode Island while teenagers took their first on-road driving tests.

Results

Fewer than half of parents surveyed said teenagers would be the primary drivers of the chosen vehicles. Parents most often cited safety, existing family vehicle, and reliability when explaining the choices for their teenagers’ vehicles. About half of the vehicles intended for teenagers were small/mini/sports cars, pickups, or SUVs — vehicles considered less safe for teenagers than midsize/large cars or minivans. A large majority of vehicles were 2001 models or earlier. Vehicles purchased in anticipation of adding a new driver to the family were more likely to be the sizes/types considered less safe than vehicles already owned. Few parents insisted on side airbags or electronic stability control, despite strong evidence of their safety benefits. Even when asked to identify ideal vehicles for their teenagers to drive, about half of parents identified less safe vehicle sizes/types. Most parents knew that midsize/large vehicles are safer than small vehicles, and at least half of parents said SUVs and pickups are not safe for teenage drivers, citing instability.

Conclusions

The majority of parents understood some of the important criteria for choosing safe vehicles for their teenagers. However, parents actually selected many vehicles for teenagers that provide inferior crash protection.

Impact on industry

Vehicle safety varies substantially by vehicle size, type, and safety features. Many teenagers are driving inferior vehicles in terms of crashworthiness and crash avoidance.     

Oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali FGD system

A laboratory-scale well-mixed thermostatic reactor with continuously blasting air was used to investigate the oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali flue gas desulfurization （FGD） system. The effects of operating parameters such as pH value and catalyst concentration on the oxidation were studied. Sodium thiosulfate was used in the system, and was found that it significantly inhabited the sulfite oxidation. In the absence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 12.67 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency of approximately 98%. While in the presence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 26.72 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency less than 85.0%. The oxidation reaction order of sulfite in the sodium thiosulfate was determined to be -1.90 and 4）.55 in the absence and presence of the catalyst, respectively. Apparent activation energy of oxidation inhibition was calculated to be 53.9 kJ/mol. Pilot tests showed that the consumption rate of thiosulfate agreed well with the laboratory-scale experimental results.     

浅谈中国排污许可证制度

排污许可证制度作为我国环境管理八项基本制度的核心,虽然已有十余年的推行实践经验,但还存在污染物排放总量控制基础不牢固,缺乏相应的实施细则和行政、刑事处罚办法支撑等缺憾。加强环境保护行政管理部门的人员和技术力量,完善相应的行政、刑事处罚办法和细则,突出排污许可证制度的核心地位并增强实践经验交流等,是我国全面推行排污许可证制度并提高管理效率的重要措施和途径。     

基于整车道路强化腐蚀试验的工况探讨

试验工况是否科学,可以通过对国内外常用试验方法的工况进行对比,发现其存在的差异性及侧重点,并通过调研对试验工况数据切合度进行验证。只有制定出合理的试验工况,才能为腐蚀数据库提供科学的数据支持。     

循环序批式活性污泥反应器的调试及运行

介绍了循环序批式活性污泥反应器的工艺流程及设计参数、调试和运行情况,分析探讨了系统运行中出现的一些问题。稳定运行期间的检测结果表明,反应器对COD和NH3-N具有较好的去除效果,平均去除率分别达到86.2%和92.1%,但对TP的去除率有待提高。     

固定源排污许可证监测管理制度研究

依靠排污许可证管理,固定源执行由行业排放标准为主正逐步过渡到"国家行业排放标准——单一源排放标准"双层排放标准,并以执行更全面和精准的单一源排放标准为主,对应的监测要求及考核方式更加多样化。对监测管理制度进行设计,明确固定源制定自行监测方案和守法监测的主体责任,厘清许可证核发部门、属地监测、执法部门的监管职责。系统设计"固定源制定并提交自行监测方案-核发部门审核-方案纳入排污许可证中成为规定-依规定自行监测和记录-固定源提交执行报告-监管部门审计式审核-执法监测和执法检查"的全过程管理机制,设计标准化的监管计划程序落实证后监管与执法监测,明晰监管部门的有限责任。