Oxidative destabilization of dissolved organics and E. coli in domestic wastewater through immobilized cell reactor system

Domestic wastewater contains a considerable amount of pathogenic organisms besides non-biodegradable organics. The conventional technologies followed for the treatment of domestic wastewater are less efficient in removing pathogenic organisms despite substantial removal of dissolved organics. The focal theme of the present investigation was to use a chemo-autotrophic activated carbon oxidation (CAACO) system, an immobilized cell reactor using chemoautotrophs (Bacillus sp.) for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The oxidation of organics and Escherichia coli in wastewater is controlled by the parameters space time, O(2)/COD, bed height and cod loading. The scheme comprised of anaerobic treatment, sand filtration and CAACO treatment removed BOD. COD, Total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved protein, total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN) and bacterial count (most probable number (MPN)) by 81%, 92%, 84%, 94%, 93% and 99.9997%, respectively. The low concentration of E. coli in the CAACO-treated wastewater was completely eliminated through UV irradiation in 3 min at 254 nm.     

Starch/polyvinyl alcohol blended materials used as solid carbon source for tertiary denitrification of secondary effluent

Starch/polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） blended materials for using as a solid carbon source （SCS） were prepared by blending PVA and gelatinized starch in an aqueous solution system, in which PVA served as framework material and starch as carbon source. The optimization of starch content and temperature effects were investigated. It was indicated that higher denitrification efficiency could be achieved with more starch in the materials. The average specific denitrification rates were 0.93, 0.66, 0.37 and 0.36 mg/（g·day） corresponding to starch content of 70%, 60%, 40% and 30% respectively at 37℃. The denitrification rates increased when operating temperature was raised from 23℃ to 30℃ and then 37℃. The mechanism of carbon release was analyzed incorporating the experimental results of abiotic release in deionized water. The organic carbon was mainly hydrolyzed by microbes, and the biological release efficiencies were at the range of 89.2% to 96.0%. A long-term experiment with a continuous flow reactor with SCS material containing 70% starch was conducted to gain some experience for practical application. When the influent nitrate concentration was in the range of 35.2 to 39.1 mg/L, hydraulic retention time of 4 hr, and operating temperature of 30℃, a nitrogen removal efficiency up to 94.6% and denitrification rate of 0.217 kg/（m3.day） was achieved. The starch-based materials developed in this study can be used as a solid carbon source for tertiary nitrogen removal from secondary effluent.     

臭氧氧化饮用水过程中可同化有机碳生成的影响因素

研究臭氧化过程中,臭氧投加量、p H值和离子强度对可同化有机碳(assimilable organic carbon,AOC)生成量的影响.结果表明,臭氧投加量在1~5 mg·L~(-1)范围,AOC的生成量随着投加量的增加而增加,但过高的臭氧投加量(9 mg·L~(-1))反而导致AOC生成量下降.p H越高(6~9),AOC的生成量也越高.AOC的生成量随着离子强度的升高而下降.臭氧氧化强疏组分AOC的生成量最高,其次为弱疏,而极亲和中亲最低.研究发现,AOC的生成量与小分子有机物的SUVA有密切的关系,较低的SUVA产生较多的AOC.     

短时冲击负荷对不同粒径分布陶粒曝气生物滤池性能的影响

通过比较装有2种粒径分布（大粒径、小粒径陶粒堆积密度分别为4．5×10^2和5．4×10^2kg／m^3）的陶粒曝气生物滤池对溶解性化学需氧量（sCODCr）及NH4^＋-N、浊度的去除情况,考察短时水力冲击负荷及有机冲击负荷对不同粒径分布曝气生物滤池性能的影响。结果表明,对于2种粒径的陶粒曝气生物滤池,短时水力冲击负荷几乎不降低sCODCr及NH4^＋-N的去除率,但导致浊度去除率的下降,说明曝气生物滤池有较强的抗短时水力冲击负荷能力;短时有机冲击负荷的增大导致sCODCr及NH4^＋-N去除率的降低,但对浊度的去除却影响很小,而在解除冲击负荷后去除率很快恢复正常水平,说明大粒径滤池比小粒径滤池有较强的抗NH4^＋-N短时冲击的能力,但小粒径滤池比大粒径滤池有较强的抗sCODCr短时冲击的能力,并能保持较高的浊度去除率。     

吸附法处理有机物-金属复合污染体系的研究进展

严重的水体污染是我们急需解决的问题,而单一污染现象往往很少,更多的是复合污染。金属-有机物复合体系就是一种典型的复合污染现象。介绍了三种常见的有机物-金属复合污染现象,详细阐述了利用活性炭、天然材料以及高分子聚合物等材料吸附处理有机物-金属复合污染体系的研究进展。表明吸附法在净化微污染饮用水源水以及废水回用领域有着广泛的应用前景,既符合清洁生产、循环经济的理念,又能实现环境效益与经济效益的双赢。     

Analysis of vapor phase organics in air of Beijing, Langfang and Tianjin by capillary GC and GC/MS

The vapor phase organics (VPOs) in the air of Beijing, Langfang and Tianjin were detected by a capillary gas chromatography and GC/MS during the winter and the summer separately. The tentatively identified compounds include alkanes, cyclic hydrocarbons, alkenes, aromatics, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, halocarbons and so on. The numbers of VPOs found are 118 in Beijing, 83 in Lang-fang and 65 in Tianjin in the winter, and 56, 39 and 72 in the summer respectively. Based on the data of some representative compounds determined quantitatively by GC and GC/MS, a profile of organic pollution in the air of the three cities is presented.     

黄孢原毛平革菌P450对难降解有机物降解的研究现状

难降解有机物由于具有极大的环境危害,已成为环境保护的一大难题.其降解的主要研究方向是依靠微生物的降解功能.黄孢原毛平革菌(P.C.菌)是研究异源物质代谢最广泛的白腐真菌.目前的研究主要集中在胞外木质过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶,而对胞内细胞色素P450降解功能的研究还很少.     

深圳室内挥发性有机物污染初探

目前深圳的室内挥发性有机物污染比较严重，甲醛、甲苯、二甲苯、苯、乙苯和苯乙烯是主要污染物，其次是a-蒎烯、丙酮、卤代烷烃和卤代烯烃。     

Characteristic of organic aerosol in a remote area of Okinawa Island

A continuous investigation of aerosol pollutants in Cape Hedo, Japan was conducted from October 2005 to August 2006 by Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). This article focused on the analysis of long-range transport of organic aerosol from continental origin to the remote island. Based on the transport distance and air mass origin, four main air mass origins were considered, including North China, South China, Japan and Korea. Although the mass concentration and air mass origin were quite different during study period, the mass spectrum and size distribution of organic matter and oxidized organics were similar, which showed uni-modal distribution with modal diameter of around 500 nm. The loss rate of organics was (5.15 ± 0.55) × 10-⁶ s-¹ obtained by plotting the concentration against the transport time. Conversion rate of SO₂ to sulfate and oxidation rate of organics were (1.07 ± 0.15) × 10-⁵ and (1.09 ± 0.52) × 10-⁶s-¹, respectively.     

共代谢对难降解有机物生物降解性能的影响

利用瓦呼仪测试法测试了呋喃等6种难降解有机物在单一基质和与苯酚共基质的条件下生物降解性能,研究共代谢对难降解有机物生物降解性能的影响。研究表明,共代谢对呋喃、喹啉、吲哚生物降解性能有明显提高,吡啶、联苯、三联苯在低浓度时,生物降解性能有所改善。