我国淡水水生生物镉基准研究

研究了Cd对我国淡水水生生物的毒性效应,包括43种生物的急性毒性数据和14种生物的慢性毒性数据.同时,参照美国环境保护署（USEPA）颁布的水质基准计算方法,按照基准最大浓度（CMC）和基准连续浓度（CCC）计算了我国淡水水生生物的Cd基准.结果表明,我国淡水生物Cd基准的CMC值和CCC值分别为2.1 μg·L-1和0.23 μg·L-1,与美国淡水生物Cd的基准值有一定差别,研究结果为我国的Cd水质标准研究提供了参考依据.     

环渤海地区Hg、As、Cr、Pb污染健康风险评价

以菲律宾蛤为指示物种,并利用美国环保署提出的人体健康风险评价模式从人类的角度对中国渤海海域不同地区(双台子河口生态监控区-盘锦、锦州湾生态监控区-锦州、滦河口北戴河生态监控区-北戴河、渤海湾生态监控区-天津、黄河口生态监控区-东营、莱州湾生态监控区-莱州以及大连市营城子、鲅鱼圈)的近岸海域生态监控区Cr、Pb、Hg、As的污染状况作出一个系统的健康风险评价。结果表明:几个地区的非致癌污染物Hg风险等级处于Ⅰ级,对于人类不构成任何威胁;致癌污染物Pb的风险等级为Ⅰ级,同样对人类也不构成任何威胁,As的风险等级基本处于Ⅲ级水平,为人类可接受水平,但Cr的风险等级基本处于Ⅴ级等级范围,可能会对人类产生一定的威胁,需要进一步研究。     

应用Abraham方程研究有机污染物对七种水生生物的毒性

通过研究141种对7种水生生物(发光菌、江水细菌、绿藻、大型溞、鲤鱼、黑头呆鱼,古比鱼)的毒性,建立了非极性麻醉型和极性麻醉型有机物的毒性与辛醇/水分配系数的对数lg Kow的相关性,并对该相关性进行了理论解释.同时,建立了Abraham参数与7种水生生物毒性的预测模型,根据Abraham参数和预测模型的系数,对有机污染物与生物毒性作用机理进行了理论分析.在此基础上,对Abraham毒性模型回归系数进行主成分分析,发现有机污染物对7种水生生物的毒性机理具有一定种间相似性和种间差异性,通过有机污染物对7种水生生物种间相关性研究发现,近缘物种种间具有良好的相关性,说明这些物种具有较相似的毒性作用机理,而非近缘物种种间相关性较差,说明这些物种种间毒性机理存在一定差异.     

Aquatic ecological health assessment of Shaying River Basin based on indices of physico-chemistry and aquatic organisms北大核心CSCD

With a variety of ecosystem services, river ecosystem plays an important role in the process of human society development. On the other hand, health condition of most aquatic ecosystems is seriously threatened by human activities. Restoring and maintaining a healthy ecosystem has already become a vital goal of river management. As a basis of river management, river health assessment is therefore particularly important. Based on indices of physics, chemistry and aquatic organisms, this research tried to establish a comprehensive evaluation system of aquatic ecological health suitable for the situation of Shaying River Basin. The system included 6 factors including riparian zone, river morphology, nutrients, oxygen balance, periphyton and benthic macroinvertebrates, which were defined into 19 indices reflecting the aquatic ecological health from different aspects. The assessment results indicated that the health condition of overall basin was normal, varying among different parts of the region, with Shahe River, Lihe River and Beiru River in the upper part sub-healthy, and Jialu River in the same part sub-sick. The middle region was generally in normal or sub-sick level; the health condition of the lower part was comparatively better due to a good condition. Within the indices, the nutrients and benthic macroinvertebrates were the major constraining factors to the health condition of Shaying River Basin for their poor health condition. The health conditions showed significant differences among the rivers (P < 0.01), with Jialu River being the worst. The result indicated that the aquatic ecological health of Shaying River Basin is affected by many factors, with urban and industrial sewage being the main ones, And that different protective measures should be employed for rivers of different conditions. The result can provide theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of Shaying River Basin and reasonable exploitation and conservation of the water resource of the whole Huaihe River Basin.     

水质评价和监测的生物学方法进展

从生物群落结构和功能的角度，阐述了生物监测和评价研究的现状；目前利用水生生物进行水质评价和监测的一些主要研究方法及发展趋势。     

重庆地区酸化水体中几种元素形态特征初探

研究了碳、氮、硒和铝在酸化水体中的形态特征。被研究的典型酸化水体中４种元素的最主要的形态分别为ＤＯＣ、Ｓｅ（ＩＶ）和。分析了这些元素的形态与水体中３９种测定参数之间的相关性；探讨了几种主要形态与浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物的关系。     

珠江口海洋生物体中脂肪烃组分的气相色谱指纹特征分析

采用毛细管气相色谱法分析了珠江口鱼类（蓝圆）、虾类（长毛对虾）、头足类（火枪乌贼）和贝类（近江牡蛎）样品的脂肪烃组分。组分特征参数表明,珠江口海洋生物体中的脂肪烃类主要来自石油源,少量来自海洋生源烃。生物体内的石油烃已经经历了一定程度的降解和代谢,反应出低浓度持续性石油污染的特点。在４种海洋生物中,近江牡蛎表现出较弱的降解和代谢石油烃的能力。     

临江河水生生物体中重金属含量的模糊评价

水体的环境变化直接影响着水生生物的质量,重金属在水生生物中的富集含量,在很大程度上说明水生生物受污染的状况。本文主要研究评价了临江河水生生物中重金属的状况,为该河水生生物资源的开发利用提供科学依据。      

森林生态系统生态资产核算的模式与方法

全球变化背景下.植被对CO2的减排作用得到了广泛关注.森林生态系统具有诸多功能,不同功能的货币化基准难以统一,是进行总体生态资产价值定量核算的制约要素.在资源、环境与生态经济原理指导下,分析相关方法评估生态系统生态资产的可行性,选择量化评估参数,并通过多种模式与方法进行估算乌鲁木齐城市2004年森林生态系统的生态资产.森林生态系统涵养水源类、生物多样性维持类、净化空气类、保护土壤类以及大气调节类生态资产分别为0.224 8×108元、10.608 8x108元、0.630 8×108元、0.2592×108元及12.9653×108元,乌鲁木齐市森林生态总资产为24.6889×108元.各类生态资产具有一定的时空差异性.城市森林生态系统生态资产估算模式及方法的研究具有重要的理论价值与现实意义.     

Role of peat organic matter on isotopic composition of most abundant benthic organisms in intertidal habitats of SW Iceland

The transfer of peat organic matter (OM) from tidal pools of upper littoral to downstream rocky shores and its potential incorporation into marine biota were investigated using the stable isotope approach. Samplings were carried out in September 2004 in two SW Icelandic sites (Osar and Hvassahraun), where we selected (1) areas with shores where grass gently declined towards rocks and, on reaching the sea line, formed small tidal peat pools and (2) areas where grass and rocky shores were not contiguous, rather the grass lower limits were several hundreds of meters back from the shore. In both grass and no grass areas, in the intertidal zone, all benthic organisms and all potential OM sources were sampled. Dominant macroalgae were Ascophyllum nodosum ([Linnaeus] Le Jolis) and Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus. In grass sites, organisms partially reflected the isotopic composition of peat OM, while in no grass sites, peat represented only a negligible amount of available OM, or its signal was totally absent from the environment. Intertidal organisms could rely on peat both directly by suspension feeding, grazing or scavenging and indirectly by predation (crabs) on low level consumers (barnacles).